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DENTITION
general arrangement of the natural teeth in the jawbones
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NON-SUCCEDANEOUS DENTITION
permanent molars that do not replace any teeth (without primary predecessors)
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SUCCEDANEOUS DENTITION
permanent teeth that replace the primary teeth. (everything but the molars)
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MIXED DENTITION
- permanent and primary teeth
- (i.e. congenitally missing in an adult, no succedaneous tooth to replace a primary tooth)
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INCISORS
biting and cutting
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CANINES
piercing and tearing
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PREMOLARS
- assist canines
- pierce and tear
- assist molars with grinding
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MAINTAINING TOOTH SHAPE...
preserves their function
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PRIMARY DENTITION
- 6 mo - 6 yrs
- begins with eruption of primary mandibular central incisors
- ends with first permanent tooth eruption
- jawbones grow to accommodate the teeth
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MIXED DENTITION PERIOD
- 6 - 12 years
- transitional stage - most growth for jawbones (expander sometimes necessary)
- begins: eruption of first permanent tooth
- ends: exfoliation of last primary tooth
- color: whiter due to less dentin in primary teeth
- females mature sooner and shed sooner
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MIXED DENTITION CONSIDERATIONS
- ugly duckling
- different colors of teeth (prim and perm)
- disproportionately sized
- temporary edentulous and crowding
- gingival inflammation = crowding = more biofilm and plaque
- oral hygiene = poor, due to biofilm retention and education
- juvenile periodontitis = bone loss in a child, hereditary, inflamed gums (perm 1st molars and lower ant teeth)
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PERMANENT DENTITION
- occurs approximately age 12, last tooth usually shed
- begins with exfoliation of last primary tooth
- tooth types erupt in pairs. if one of the pairs is missing, find out where it is
- family history, different eruption times, excess teeth
- eruption of all permanent teeth = congenitally missing (not usually in pairs), impacted teeth = third molars, canines with crowding that won't erupt. (take pano)
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DIVISIONS OF THE DENTITION
- arches = max and man
- quads = quad I quad II quad III and quad IV
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NAMING AND CODING TEETH
- universal system
- palmer method
- FDI = federation dentitaire internationale system
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UNIVERSAL SYSTEM
- observed as though facing the patients quadrants
- most common in the U.S.
- primary teeth A-J and K-T
- permanent teeth 1-16 and 17-32
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PALMER METHOD
- uses quadrant brackets to identify the teeth (ortho)
- permanent teeth 1-8 in each quadrant from midline distally
- 87654321 12345678
- 87654321 12345678
- primary teeth A-E from the midline distally
- EDCBA ABCDE
- EDCBA ABCDE
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FEDERATION DENTITAIRE INTERNATIONALE SYSTEM (FDI)
- ISO = international standards organization system by world health organization
- FDI = 2 digit code for primary and permanent dentition
- 1st digit indicates quadrant
- 2nd digit indicates the tooth in the quadrant
- permanent = 1-8 from the midline distally with quadrants 1-4
- primary = 1-5 from the midline distally with quadrants 5-8
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ALVEOLAR PROCESS
the jawbone that contains the teeth
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SEXTANTS
- 6 sections instead of 4 quadrants.
- canine to canine = 1 sextant
- premolars to molars = 1 sextant etc.
- not an equal # in each sextants, but six sections
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PULP HORNS
# is associated with the # of cusps of the tooth
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APICAL FORAMINA
openings of the apex where the nerve and bv's pass
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CEJ
- cementum of the root and enamel of the crown
- cementum overlaps enamel
- edge to edge
- small area of exposed dentin can occur
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ANATOMICAL CROWN
- portion of the crown covered by enamel
- constant over life of tooth
- exception: attrition (teeth are worn down) physical wear
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CLINICAL CROWN
- portion that you can see
- if there is root exposure, it is part of the clinical crown
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ANATOMICAL ROOT
- portion of the anatomical root that is visible
- varies over time with age
- related to gingival recession
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CLINICAL ROOT
- widest at the CEJ
- tapered towards the apex
- bulkier on facial
- taper on lingual
- root concavities ***(important to clean concavity out)
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ROOT AXIS LINE
- imaginary line that runs parallel to the axis of the tooth
- helps determine angulation during instrumentation
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INTERPROXIMAL SPACE
area between the adjacent tooth surfaces
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CONTACT
proximal area where the teeth touch (floss)
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HEIGHT OF CONTOUR
- facial and lingual
- easy to see, where the tooth sticks out the most
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PROXIMAL CEJ CURVATURE
- greatest on anterior teeth, least on posterior
- greater on mesial
- helps distinguish left from right on extracted teeth/typodont teeth
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EMBRASURE
triangle tissue that may or may not be open
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LINE ANGLES
- formed by the junction of 2 crown surfaces
- i.e. mesial and occlusal = mesio-occlusal
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POINT ANGLES
- formed by the junction of three crown surfaces
- i.e. mesial, labial, incisal = mesiolabioincisal
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CROWN THIRDS
- cervical: next to gums
- middle
- incisal/occlusal = horizontally, vertically = mesial, middle, distal
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ROOT THIRDS
- horizontally ONLY
- cervical third
- middle third
- apical third
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