GMan Chapter 8 - Organelles

• 100-1000
• Depends on the cell's energy demand

• Plants
• Algae

• Stroma - Photosynthetic fluid
• Thylakoid - Sacks filled with stroma
• Grunam - Stacks of thylakoids

• Plant organelles:
• Chloroplasts
• Amyloplasts - Starch storage
• Chromplasts - Pigment storage

Gene expression in mitochondria and chloroplasts resembles prokaryrote processes

The cell that first engulfed mitochondria (and chloroplasts)

• Organelles have their own DNA
• Organlles have prokaryote-like ribosomes
• Organelles have double membranes
• Organelle membrane proteins are prokaryote-like

Increasing oxygen concentrations, meant the previously anaerobic host cell could survive and thrive as oxygen increased

It releases considerably more energy per unit of food

Early anaerobic eukaryote (the DNA would be enclosed)

• Transition between endosymbiont and plastic (cyanelles)
• Cyanalles contain peptidoglycan layer and photosynthetic pigments in thylakoid membrane

• Code for:
• 13 Cellular respiration proteins
• 22 tRNAs (different code)
• 2 rRNAs

DNA that is transferred (uploaded) from one organelle to another

Majority have single circular DNA

Many, small, circular molecules

Linear