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GMan Chapter 8 - Organelles
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Average number of mitochondria per cel
100-1000
Depends on the cell's energy demand
Organisms with chloroplasts
Plants
Algae
Chloroplast structures
Stroma - Photosynthetic fluid
Thylakoid - Sacks filled with stroma
Grunam - Stacks of thylakoids
What are plastids?
Plant organelles:
Chloroplasts
Amyloplasts - Starch storage
Chromplasts - Pigment storage
Basis of the endosymbiont theory
Gene expression in mitochondria and chloroplasts resembles prokaryrote processes
Ancestral prokaryotic cell
The cell that first engulfed mitochondria (and chloroplasts)
Evidence of endosymbiosis
Organelles have their own DNA
Organlles have prokaryote-like ribosomes
Organelles have double membranes
Organelle membrane proteins are prokaryote-like
Why was forming a symbiotic relationship with mitochondria favourable?
Increasing oxygen concentrations, meant the previously anaerobicĀ
host
cell could survive and thrive as oxygen increased
Why is oxygen-based metabolism preferred?
It releases considerably more energy per unit of food
What kind of cell engulfed the first mitochondrion?
Early
anaerobicĀ
eukaryote
(the DNA would be enclosed)
Cyanophora paradoxa
Transition between endosymbiont and plastic (
cyanelles
)
Cyanalles contain peptidoglycan layer and photosynthetic pigments in thylakoid membrane
What remains in the modern mtGenome?
Code
for:
13 Cellular respiration proteins
22 tRNAs (different code)
2 rRNAs
Promiscuous DNA
DNA that is transferred (
uploaded
) from one organelle to another
Structor of organelle genomes
Majority
have single circular DNA
Dinoflagellate genome
Many, small, circular molecules
Paramesium and Chlamydomonas genomes
Linear
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Author
Ant
ID
328241
Card Set
GMan Chapter 8 - Organelles
Description
Gman
Updated
2017-02-07T21:17:39Z
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