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Patient toothbrush selection is usually based on
cost, availability, advertising claims, or habit
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What are the parts of the manual toothbrush
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What is the head part of the manual TB and what does it contain
The working end; consists of tufts of filaments
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The handle is most often composed of ______ and should be ________
- plastic, or a combination of polymers
- individualized
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Brush head length may be ____ long and ___ wide
- 5 to 12 tufts
- 2 or more rows
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A sulcus brush is a
specific type of brush that has 2 to 3 rows
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A _________ brush head may enable better access to posterior teeth
contra-angled
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Tufts closely spaced allow the filaments to
support each other, making the brush firmer
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Filaments should be ________ for safety to oral soft tissues and tooth structure
soft and end-rounded
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The firmness/stiffness of a toothbrush depends on the
- 1.Diameter of the Filament–The smaller the diameter the softer the brush
- 2.Length of the Filament–The longer the filament the softer the brush
- 3.Number of Filaments in a Tuft–The more filaments in a tuft and/or the more tufts in a head increase stiffness
- 4.Angle of Filaments–Angled filaments are more flexible than straight filaments of equal length
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Most current toothbrushes have ______ filaments
nylon
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Natural bristles (animal hair) are unsanitary because the bristle tip
can not be end-rounded
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________ can occur with the absence of end-rounding
Gingival damage
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What are the two tooth-brushing systems
- The Count System: The patient counts 5, 6 or 10 strokes in each area
- The Clock System: 2 minutes
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Acquired pellicle reaches its full thickness ____ following brushing. If the acquired pellicle is removed often due to factors such as excessive brushing, it will not be allowed to reach maximal thickness and risk of _______ is higher
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Negative Effects of Tooth-brushing are frequently found over
canines and premolars
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Acute Lesions usually occur from
incorrect placement of the brush, stiffness of the filaments or over zealous brushing
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McCall's festoon
Gingival margin contour that is rolled, bulbous, and firm in a “piled up” or festoon shape
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Stillman's cleft
Contour with a groove or slit that extends from the crest of the gingiva to the attached gingiva
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What is dental abrasion and what is it caused by
- Wedge-shaped indentations with smooth, shiny surfaces
- results from a repetitive mechanical habit
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Most abraded areas are on the
cervical areas of exposed root surfaces
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Most tooth brushing methods are classified based on the
position and motion of the brush
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Which tooth-brushing method is described as Vibratory
Bass, Charters and Stillman
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The distinguishing characteristic of the Bass method is the toothbrush head is placed
directly beneath the gingival margin
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Describe the Bass method
- 1. Direct the filaments apically at a 45° angle to the long axis of the tooth
- 2. The tips are lightly pressed into the gingival sulcus (Bass/Below the gum)
- 3. Vibrate the brush back and forth with very short strokes
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What TB method is used for children or when a technique, such as the Bass or Stillman’s is too difficult to master
Rolling stroke method
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What is the technique of the Rolling Stroke method
- 1. Place the side of the brush on the attached gingiva with the filaments directed apically
- 2. The filaments are pressed lightly against the gingiva
- 3. Roll the brush slowly over the teeth
- 4. The stroke is repeated at least 5 times for each tooth or group of teeth
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The Stillman’s Method was designed for
gingival massage and stimulation
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What is the Stillman’s Technique
- 1. The brush ends are placed partly on the gingiva and partly on the cervical areas of the teeth and directed slightly apically
- 2. The tips of the bristles are pressed lightly
- 3. The handle is given a slight rotary motion, and the brush ends are maintained in position on the teeth surface
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The modified Stillman incorporates a ________ after the rotary phase
rolling stroke
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In the Charters method, the brush is held with filaments placed against the tooth at approximately 45° toward
the occlusal or incisal plane of the teeth
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What is the Fones tooth brushing method
- 1.With the teeth closed, the brush is placed inside the cheek over the last maxillary molar, lightly contacting the gingiva
- 2.Using a wide, circular motion with light pressure the brush moves from the maxillary to the mandibular gingiva (the maxillary and mandibular teeth are brushed at the same time)
- 3.The anterior teeth are in edge-to-edge contact when brushed with the circular strokes
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With the horizontal method the bristles are placed at a ______ to the tooth
90° angle
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Describe the Vertical (Leonard technique)
- 1. With the teeth edge-to-edge the bristles are placed at a 90° angle to the tooth
- 2. The bristles are moved in an up-and-down stroke (vertically)
- 3. The maxillary and mandibular teeth are usually brushed separately
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A scrub-brush procedure consists of combining
horizontal, vertical, and circular strokes, with some vibratory motions for certain areas
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The correct method for occlusal brushing is
Vibrate the brush with light pressure while maintaining filament tips on the occlusal surface
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What are some different ways of Disinfecting a Toothbrush
- 1. Use a UV toothbrush cleaner
- 2. Store a toothbrush in a 3% Hydrogen Peroxide solution (changed daily, as it turns to water in a matter of hours)
- 3. Pour a small amount of Listerine into a cup and stir the bristled end of the brush for 30 seconds
- 4. Place a toothbrush on the top rack in the dishwasher
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Power toothbrush motions can be grouped into four general categories:
- 1. Rotating
- 2. Counter-rotational
- 3. Side-to-side
- 4. Oscillating-rotating
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Describe the movement of a Rotating Power Toothbrush
The entire brush head turns in a full circle, moving in one direction (Rota-dent)
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Describe the movement of a Counter-rotational Toothbrush
The individual tufts rotate in different directions (Interplak)
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Describe the movement of Sonic Toothbrushes
The filaments move side-to-side (Sonicare)
-
Describe the Oscillating-rotating Toothbrush
The brush head oscillates from the center point but does not rotate in a full circle (Oral-B)
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_________ technologies are the most commonly used in power toothbrushes today
Sonic and oscillating-rotating
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Systemic Conditions such as ________ may contribute to offensive breath odor
diabetes, liver and kidney disorders, and pulmonary disease
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