line the alveoli ad can contract to cause milk to be secreted into ducts
myoepithelial cells
Milk formation begins during the last trimester through the 1st few days postpartum and the lactose and protein content increases
Lactogenesis I
begins 205 days after birth and the onset of copious milk secretion (aka milk comes in)
Lactogensis II
Milk composition becomes stable, begins about 10 days after birth
Lactogensis III
larger ducts for storage of milk behind the nipple
Lactiferous sinues
Hormone produced in the hypothalamus during letdown that causes milk to eject into the ducts
oxytocin
Stimulates milk production, released in response to suckling
prolactin
Let down reflex
Infant suckling-->hypothalamus-->releases oxytocin release from the pituitary-->contraction of the myoepithelial cells-->milk is released into the duct
Colostrum is higher and lower in what?
Higher in protein
lower in CHO and fat
Calories in human milk
0.65 kcals/mL
True/False: breast fed infants consume fewer calories than infants fed human milk substitute
True, usually thinner at 8-11 months
Fat content is higher in fore or hind milk?
Hind milk
What is the only thing affected by material diet?
fatty acid profile in milk
True/False: early consumption of cholesterol through breast milk appears to be related to lower blood cholesterol levels later in life
True
Protein content in human milk
0.32 g/oz
Protein in milk that facilitates calcium absorption
Casein
Protein concentrations depend on?
age of infant (time since delivery)
Prevents the bidding of pathogenic microbes such as E. coli in the gut-->preventing infection and diarrhea
Oligosaccharides
True/False: maternal exposure to sunlight has been reported to increase the vitamin D3 levels in milk tenfold
true
Needs of vitamin D for infants and children
400 IU/day
Vitamin E in breast milk is adequate for all infants T/F
FALSE, for full term infants but NOT pre term
What is the most likely vitamin deficient in human milk?
B6
Which mineral in milk doesn't decrease over the first 4 months?
magnesium
High bioavailability minerals in milk
Mg, iron, zinc and calcium
True/False: exclusively breastfed infants have a high risk of anemia because of the low iron content of human milk
FALSE
very low risk despite the low iron content
Which foods affect mother's milk the most
garlic, mint, vanilla, alcohol
True/False: insufficient milk production is common among women who express milk
