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number of photons absorbed by the detector; dependent on the physical properties of the detector face (e.g., thickness, material)
absorption efficiency
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a solid phantom that contains four modules and is constructed primarily from a water-equivalent material. Each module is 4cm deep and 20 cm in diameter, with external aligment markings to allow centering of the phantom in the x, y, and z axes, and is used to measure different aspects of image quality
ACR CT accreditation phantom
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rapid loss of renal function caused by damage to the kidney, resulting in retention of waste products that are normally excreted by the kidney.
acute renal failure (ARF)
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detector rows that have variable widths and sizes. also called nonuniform or hybrid arrays
adaptive array
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benign adrenal mass
adrenal adenoma
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display functions that include multiplanar reformation and 3-d reformations
advanced display functions
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a brief, persistent flash of scintillation that must be taken into account and subtracted before image reconstruction
afterglow
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air that enters the bloodstream and can occur during an IV injection. Small quantities of air can be absorbed by the body ; thus small they may never be detected if patients are asymptomatic. However, a large amount of air can cause seizures, permanent neurologic damage, or occasionally death. This is only the result of human error.
Air embolism
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a precise set of steps to be performed in a specific order to solve a problem. They are the basis for most computer programming
Algorithms
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artifacts that result from insufficient projection data; causing fine stripes that appear to be radiating from a dense structure
Aliasing
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Converts the analog signal to a digital format
analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
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life-threatening reactions; symptoms include substantial respiratory distress, unresponsiveness, convulsions, clinically manifested arrhythmia's, and cardiopulmonary arrest. the reactions require prompt recognition and treatment
Anaphylactoid
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landmark, such as the xiphoid or the iliac crest, used as a reference point when planning the scout image.
anatomic landmark
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characterized by an individual standing erect, with palms of the hands facing forward. this position is used internationally and guarantees uniformity in descriptions of direction
anatomic position
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technique that is used to dilate an area of arterial blockage using a catheter with a small, inflatable, sausage-shaped balloon at its tip
angioplasty
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x-ray tube design includes a cathode, which emits electrons, and
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