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What is the Principle of Inertia?
“Objects keep doing what they are doing”
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Define Equilibrium.
Equilibrium exists if the net force is zero
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Define Net force
The result of all forces acting on an object
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Identify 7 types of force
- Applied
- Normal
- Spring
- Tension
- Friction
- Air Resistance
- Gravity
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What is Newton's first law?
Law of inertia
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How would you quantitatively analyse a vector?
Measure it using numbers
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How would you qualitatively analyse vectors?
Describe it using words.
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What is acceleration?
A vector. The rate of change of velocity.
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What is a vector?
Something that has a direction and a magnitude eg velocity
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What is impulse?
Force x time. How much force is acting on and object and how long the force acts for.
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What is the impulse momentum relationship?
Impulse causes a change in momentum. This will usually change the velocity of the object.
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What is Newton's second law of motion?
- The acceleration of an object as
- produced by a net force is directly proportional to
- the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction
- as the net force, and inversely proportional to the
- mass of the object.
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What is the Sliding Filament Theory?
Muscle fibres shorten when actin filaments slide inward on myosin filaments - pulling the z-lines closer together.
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Define periodisation.
Divide time into specific blocks. Set goals or activities for each block of time throughout the training year.
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What is peaking?
Being in the absolute best condition (physical, emotional and mental) at a specific time for an event or race.
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What is Tapering?
reduce your training volume two weeks prior to event. Reduce duration of training but maintain intensity.
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What is overtraining?
- A physical, behavioral and emotional condition that occurs when the
- volume and intensity of an individual's exercise exceeds their recovery
- capacity.
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What does overtraining look like?
Cease making progress, and can even begin to lose strength and fitness, frequent sickness, fatigue.
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What is a holistic program?
Looking at the whole system rather than just concentrating on individual components.
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How does the cardio vascular system respond to exercise in heat?
- Increased HR
- Increased Stroke volume
- therefore increased cardiac output
- Redistribution of blood flow
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How does the body cool itself when exercising in heat?
- Thermoregulation
- Recpetors signal brain, brain coordinates systems, regulators work to cool (sweating, redistribution of blood, increase HR, vasodilation)
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What are nutritional interventions?
Treatments or supplements to enhance performance and balance dietary gaps.
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Identify 3 examples of nutritional interventions.
- Sports drinks
- Creatine
- Citrate
- Electrolytes
- Zinc
- Vitamens
- Iron
- Calcium
- Liquid meal replacement
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How can we measure leadership status?
Leadership Scale for Sport
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What is a sociogram?
Graphic representation of social links within a team.
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What are the levels of the multi dimensional model of change?
- Pre contemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
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What is Life Coaching?
Service providing clients with feedback, insights and guidance from an outside vantage point. using sport coaching techniques to guide life decisions.
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What is equity and social justice?
- Equity is fairness.
- Social Justice is a fair distribution of advantages, opportunities and benefits among all members of a society.
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How can equity and social justice be used in sport?
Creating opportunities or advantage for groups of people who have an unfair disadvantage eg women, disabled or isolated groups.
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What is Segmental Interaction?
Force acting on a segment can be transferred to the next segment.
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What is dynamical systems theory?
The body is a complex mix of all systems (muscular, skeletal, cardio, neural etc). These systems are interrelated and skilled performance occurs when these systems coordinate movement patterns involving timing, consistency and coordination.
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What is kinematic chain?
Assembly of several kinematic pairs connecting rigid body segments. Chain or linked body segments where force is transferred from proximal to distal.
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Define Balance.
A state of equilibrium
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Define stability.
Resistance to change. Stable. Steadfast.
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What is the difference between stability and balance?
- Stability - wide base of support, low centre of gravity, able to resist force. Still.
- Balance - can be static or dynamic, ability to maintain equilibirum even if in an unstable state.
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What is centre of gravity?
The point within something at which gravity can be considered to act
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What is Bernoulli's principle?
The faster molecules within a fluid move, the less pressure they exert on objects around them. And objects move from areas of high pressure to low pressure.
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What is the Magnus effect?
A spinning object flying in a fluid creates a whirlpool of fluid around itself. This whirlpool makes the surrounding fluid travel at different speeds. This then brings into effect Bernoulli's principle.
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What is drag?
Resistance to motion through a fluid. Caused by the flow of fluid past the object.
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What is a chonic injury?
Resulting from the cumulative effects of repeated exposure to a force not sufficient to cause acute injury Long term, takes a long time to recover. Eg shin splints.
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What is an Acute injury?
Sudden onset and short duration. eg fracture
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What is resilience?
Recovering easily from adversity, oppostion or failure. Able to "bounce back"
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What environmental conditions will influence program design?
- Playing surface
- Weather - rain, sun, tempreture
- Wind
- Altitude
- Safety
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What is Carron's Model of Group Cohesion?
Four factors influence group cohesion - environment, personal, team and leadership.
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What is group cohesion?
Forces which act to keep the group together.
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What is group dynamics theory?
How small groups or teams form and interact eg, tuckmans theory of group dynamics
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What are the stages of Tuckman's group dynamics theory?
- Forming
- Storming
- Norming
- Performing
- Adjourning (mourning)
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What is appreciative inquiry?
- A process that engages individuals within a team in its renewal, change and focused performance.
- DISCOVER
- DREAM
- DESIGN
- DESTINY (or DELIVER)
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