AEMT-NREMT- Airway respiration

Contract   ,     Decreases

Exceeds

• 1-Tounge
• 2-Fluid) saliva, blood, mucus, vomit)
• 3-Swelling
• 4-Foreign bodies

• Restlessness
• anxiety
• irritibility
• tachycardia

Inspiration

The carbon dioxide Drive

is a Back-up system to the CO2 drive.

• 4min- brain damage begins
• 6mins- permanent damage begins
• 10mins- unrecoverable.

• Adults-12-20BPM
• children 15-30 BPM
• infants -25-50 BPM

indications : are altered or decreased LOC. patients with suspected Airway obstruction.

Contraindications: would be a C-spine injury

Indication- patients with altered or decreased LOC and Cspine injury

Contraindication: a conscious person.

Facial trauma or severe head injury. or a conscious person with an intact gag reflex capable of protecting their own airway.

unresposive patients with adequate breathing and no C-spine injury should be placed in recovery.

• D=350 liters
• E=625 liters

• M=3,000 liters
• G=5,000 liters
• H=7,000 liters

• 2000 psi MAX
• 200 psi MIN

Reservoir must be full before giving the mask. if it deflates then increase the rate. rate is 10-15 lpm

similar to a non re breather but no o2 reservoir. it is 40-60% oxygen. flow rate is 6-10 lpm

• 1-Apnea- no spontaneous breathing
• 2- Agonal breaths-shallow ineffective gasps
• 3-bradypnea- slow
• 4-tachypnea- fast
• 5-hypoventilation- breathing to slow or too shallow

Negative

Gastric distention- which will increase the chance of vomiting. sellick maneuver should never be used on actively vomiting patients.


increased intrathoracic pressure which reduces circulatory efficiency

based on compression ventilation ratio. once an advanced airway is in place no breaths are needed.

30:2    always for adults, always 4 single rescuer

15:2   2 rescuer CPR on children and infants.

3:1     newborns

it prevents the secretions from going back into the rescuers mouth.

• adult: 1,200 to 1,600
• child: 500 to 700
• infant:150 to 240

• + gastric distention
• + barotrauma with infants and children
• - a lot of contraindications such as COPD and chest trauma. and you are also unable to feel the lung compliance.

Should not be used on children because it can over inflate a child's lungs.

they are similar to manually triggered rate and tidal volume can be automated. they are consistant and it frees hands.

• Indications:
• 1-tacypnic patients with reduced respiratory efficiency
• 2-concious patients in moderate to severe respiratory distress.
• 3-pulse ox below 90%

• 1-apneic patients unable to follow verbal commands.
• 2-chest trauma, suspected pnumothorax, or pts with a trach.
• 3-vomiting or GI bleeds and hypo tension.

children's mouth and nose are smaller. and the pediatric tongue is larger in proportion to the airway.

• inability To cough speak or breathe, or clutching the throat
• also, the inability to artificially ventilate the patient despite re positioning the airway.

• -initiate CPR
• -before attempting to ventilate, inspect the airway and if you see something, remove it.

- give abdominal thrusts until the obstruction comes out, or until the patient passes out.

give 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts until the obstruction is relived or the baby passes out.

• AbNormal breathing rate for rhythm
• Abnormal lungs sounds
• altered level of Consciousness
• accessory muscle use
• difficulty speaking
• pulse oximeter below 94%
• cyanosis
• shallow breathing
• unequal rise and fall of the chest
• thoracic trauma

• Intercostal retractions
• abdominal breathing
• supraclavicular retractions
• tracheal tugging
• nasal flaring
• tripod positional breathing
• see-saw breathing and purse lip breathing

Asthma- is caused by bronchoconstriction and excess mucus production

it can be triggered by exercise allergic response or illness

the signs and symptoms include wheezing upon exhalation absent lung sounds and severe cases and coughing

It's a chronic disease process, that obstructs and damages to lure Airways and alveoli it includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema

History of smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke a chronic productive cough prolonged expiratory phase and abnormal lung sounds usually are also on portable oxygen

CHF is a cardiac emergency with a heart does not pump effectively leading to backup of fluid and pulmonary edema

Croup is an inflammation of the pharynx larynx and trachea it's highly infectious and usually occurs in children up to 3 years of age

• Usually a seal like barking cough
•  can present with stridor
• usually preceded by a cold and usually occurs in winter

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder leading to thick mucus production and chronic lung infections cystic fibrosis is also causes death prior to entering adulthood

signs and symptoms of asthma like symptoms and GI problems

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs

Signs and symptoms are often a history of Chronic terminal illness, a productive cough ,weakness, chest pain, fever, and a low pulse ox reading

Its an accumulation of air in the pleural space.

asthma patients are at high risk for spontaneous  pneumothorax.

signs and symptoms are possible history of respiratory problems or thoracic trauma. and diminished or absent lung sounds in affected area.

its the accumulation of fluids in the lungs which includes.CHF, Toxic inhalation, disease, and trauma.

signs and symptoms are cardiac history, rales, pedal edema, orthopnea.

history of recent surgery, or long bone fracture, chest pain, tachypnea, hemoptysis, and sudden cardiac arrest.

respiratory infection that can survive on surfaces and is extremely contagious.

signs and symptoms are cold-like,poor fluid intake and signs of dehydration.

35-45 mmhg

- if its anything lower you will have numbness and tingleing in your feet as a result of Hyperventilation. coach the breathing down and give o2 if needed.

Periods of increased rate and depth and usually seen with metabolic acidosis

Rapid gasping breaths followed by short pauses.

gradual increases and decreases in breathing with periods of apnea.

could be a sign of brain stem injury and can also be seen in sleep apnea.

failure- is incompatible with life. the patient will stop breathing and go into cardiac arrest.

arrest- means they have already stopped breathing.

distress- difficulty breathing and the physiological changes.

-Pons regulates rate and depth.

-medulla oblongata controls blood pressure and heart rate.

-reticular activating system- is for sleep wake cycles and arousals.

midbrain controls LOC

Chest pain, Fever, cough and excessive mucous production, green tinged sputum.

• 1- prevents regurgitation of gastric contents
• 2- helps bring the vocal cords to view.

Alveolar type 2 cells