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The Central NS contains..
the brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral NS
includes ever cell outside CNS, carries info from sensory neurons to brain and brain to body
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Somatic NS
controls voulntary movement and skeletal muscles
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Autonomic NS
glands and muscles of internal organs, everything w/o conscious control
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Sympathetic NS
- alert system of body
- used during times of stress
- fight ot flight
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Parasympathetic NS
- restorative
- metabolism
- homeostasis
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Opponent Process
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS have opposite functions
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Structures in the Forebrain
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary Gland
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Thalamus
where all sensory messages (except smell) go
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Hypothalamus
- "master control center"
- hunger, thirst, aggression
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Pituitary Gland
- "master gland"
- controls endocrine system
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Endocrine system
releases hormones throught glands and ducts
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Structures in the Hindbrain
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Medulla
- respiration, heart rate, breathing
- controls reflexes like vomiting and coughing
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Cerebellum
Balance and motor coordination
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Pons
- connected to Medulla and Cerebellum
- regulates body movement, breathing, attention
- sleep/arousal
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Reticular Activating System (RAS)
- bridge from hindbrain to forebrain
- screens incoming information
- helps in general arousal
- filter - not all info
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Hippocampus
- forming new memories
- long term memory
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Amygdala
- arousal and regulation of emotion
- memory through emotion
- emotional reactions - fear, disgust
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Limbic System
- under cerebral cortex
- processes emotions, learning, hunger and emotion
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lobes in cerebral cortex (top to bottom)
- temporal
- occipital
- parietal
- frontal
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Occipital lobe
- visual cortex
- damage to lobe/cortex can effect vision
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Temporal lobe
- Auditory cortex
- involved in memory
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Frontal Lobe
- motor cortex
- voluntary movement and thinking
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Parietal lobe
- Sensory cortex
- body sensations
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Left Brain functions
- linear thinking (part to whole)
- spelling, math, science
- logic, language
- list making
- verbal
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Right brain functions
- creative
- art
- whole then part
- reasoning
- visual learners
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split brain
- sever corpus callosum
- objects on right can be named, objects on left cannot
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Ablation
- removal of part of the brain
- destroy tissue
- most invasive
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direct stimulation
electrically stimulate the surface of the brain
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electroencephalograms
- look at electric activity
- brain wave readings
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brain scans
create a picture of brain activity
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EEG
print/recording of brain waves
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PET scan
radioactive glucose to see biochemical changes
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MRI
use magnetic fields to produce a clear picture
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fMRI
looks at changes of bllod flor in brain using glucose w/o radiation
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CT scan
- fancy X-ray
- 3d images
- not as clear as MRI
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Culture
sets of ideas, behavior, attitudes, and traditions that exists within a large group of people that are passed from one generation to another w/o change
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Cultural Norm
unwritten rule/ expectation that influence behavior
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Kinship studies
a study in which the traits and behavior of individuals are examined and compared to their relatieves
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Gender
the definition of male or female that is designed by one's society
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Gender Roles
expectations about how men/women should act & behave
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Gender identity
sense of beinf male/female
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Gender Typing
older generations place gender roles on younger generations
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Gender Schema Theory
kids learn from society and culture what their gender roles are and adjust behavior to fit
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Social learning theory
- social behavior is learned primarily by observing and repeating behavior of others
- reward/ punishment
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