-
The peripheral nervous system consists of the
somatic nervous system (voluntary) and the autonomic nervous system (involuntary)
-
The autonomic nervous system consists of the
sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
-
Neurons
nerve cells that transmit messages throughout the body
-
Neurons consist of
- cell body
- dendrites
- axon
- axon terminal
-
Where are the located in the dendrites
receptors
-
What are located in the axon terminal
The vesicles
-
What is the synapse
the “junction” of two neurons where they communicate with each other or with target organs
-
Another word for the ganglion is the
synaptic cleft
-
What is the Preganglionic neuron
–Neuron located before the synaptic cleft
-
What is the Postganglionic neuron
–Neuron located after the synaptic cleft
-
The sympathetic nervous system is sometimes called the _______ response
fight or flight
-
The parasympathetic nervous system is sometimes called the _______ response
rest and digest
-
Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions have ________ carrying message to effectors
two sets of motor nerves
-
Motor neurons from the ANS stimulate what 3 different effectors
- Smooth muscle in many places
- Cardiac muscle
- Glands
-
Preganglionic nerve go from the _____ to the ______
CNS to the ganglion
-
Postganglionic nerve go from the _____ to the ______
ganglion to the effector
-
In the parasympathetic division, long preganglionic neurons arise in Cranial Nerves-________ in the brain and from the _______of the spinal cord
- III, VII, IX, X
- sacral region
-
Approx. 75% of long preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division originate from the _______ nerve
Vagus X
-
In the sympathetic division, the short preganglionic neurons originate in the ________ of the spinal cord
thoraco-lumbar portion
-
What are neurotransmitters and what are the purpose
- Chemical substances made in the neurons and stored in the vesicles
- The purpose of the neurotransmitter is to carry nerve impulses (action potentials) across the synapse
-
What are receptors
structures, usually proteins that receive the neurotransmitters
-
Receptors are located on the ______ and ____, ________ and ______
- Dendrites of postganglionic neurons
- On/in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
-
What are the two ways that excess neurotransmitters are removed
- enzymes located in the synapse break down the chemicals OR
- the axon terminal will reabsorb excess back into the neuron cell
-
Most organs of the body are innervated by neurons of both the
sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS
-
The only organs not innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic are the ________ which are all ______
- sweat glands, smooth muscles of the hair follicles, the adrenal medulla and blood vessels of the skin
- sympathetic
-
All postganglionic parasympathetic nerves are _______ and secrete ______
- cholinergic
- secrete Ach (acetylcholine)
-
All preganglionic nerves are
cholinergic fibers (secrete Ach).
-
Most postganglionic sympathetic nerves are _______ and secrete ________
- adrenergic
- secrete NE (norepinephrine)
-
Certain postganglionic sympathetic nerves such as sweat glands are ______ and secrete _______
- cholinergic
- secrete Ach (acetylcholine)
-
Adrenal medulla secretes ______ and _____
Norepinephrine and Epinephrine
-
Cholinergic receptors receive
Ach (acetylcholine)
-
What are the two types of cholinergic receptors
nicotinic and muscarinic
-
Nicotinic receptors are at the synapse of
the preganglionic nerve and ganglion
-
Muscarinic receptors are found on all effectors of
parasympathetic postganglionic (and on a few of the sympathetics – ex. sweat glands
-
Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors are located in the
skeletal muscle (somatic nervous system)
-
Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors are located in _________ such as _________
- all the tissue innervated by parasympathetic postganglionic nerves
- the cardiac conduction system, exocrine glands, smooth muscle including eyes, gut, genitals, lungs.
-
Adrenegic receptors receive _________ and ________ and are found on the effectors of _______
- NE and EPI
- most sympathetic postganglionic nerves
-
What are the two Adrenergic receptors referred to as
- alpha (α) receptors
- beta (β)-receptors
-
What are the two subtypes of alpha receptors
Alpha 1 and Alpha 2
-
Where are Alpha 1 receptors located
postganglionic smooth muscle (blood vessels, genitourinary system, sweat glands, eyes, intestine
-
What are alpha 1 receptors responsible for ________ and especially important in _______
- contraction of smooth muscle
- raising blood pressure, decreasing urinary outflow
-
Alpha2 (α2) are called ________ and are located on __________
- autoreceptors
- postganglionic neurons that release NE
-
Alpha2 (α2) receptors serve an _________ function which _______ the sympathetic response
- inhibitory negative feedback
- turns off
-
Activation of α2-receptors causes ________, which decreases the _______
- inhibition of NE release
- secretion of insulin, decreases blood pressure, and decreases eye secretion
-
What are the subtypes of beta receptors
-
Where are beta 1 receptors found and what is the function
- Found on/in heart tissue
- Increase heart rate and contractility
-
Where are beta 2 receptors found and what is the function
- –Found on/in the smooth muscle of bronchioles, skeletal muscle, and blood vessels supplying the heart and kidneys.
- Relaxes these muscles
-
Where are beta 3 receptors found and what is the function
- –Found on/in fat tissue
- breakdown of lipids
-
What is serotonin and where is it produced
- Another type of neurotransmitter
- Produced primarily by platelets, cells in the gastrointestinal tract, and neurons
-
Serotonin’s physiologic effects include
platelet aggregation, stimulation of gastrointestinal motility, vasoconstriction, and controlling sleep, pain, behavior, and emotions (depression).
|
|
