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What is intelligence?
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
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How do we asses intelligence?
Intelligence test are used to asses an individuals mental aptitue and compare them to others using a numerical score
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Binet and Simon
- French government said everyone had to go to school
- conducted naturalistic observation
- mental age vs chronological age
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Mental age
A person's level of mental developmet relative to others
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Chronological age
The average age at which children should succesfully answer a particular level of questions
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IQ
mental age/ Chrolological age x 100
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Factor Analysis
Statistical procedure conducted to identify clusters of groups or related items
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Spearman theory of inteligence
- "g" factor- general intelligence (all cognitive abilities)
- "s" factor- task specific intelligence
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Sternberg theory of inteligence
Triarchic theory of inteligence - Creative, Analytical and practical
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Creative Intelligence (Sternberg)
- ability to tailor behavior to demands of context
- learn from experience
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Analytical Intelligence (sternberg)
- Information processing skills
- analyzing a problem
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Practical Intelligence (Sternberg)
- street smarts
- ability to cope with enviornment
- most important
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Catell theory of inteligence
- two seperate forms of "g"
- Crystallized- factual knowledge, increases throughout life
- Fluid- visual/spatial intelligence, decreases throughout lifetime
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Gardner theory of inteligence
- Multiple intelligences
- verbal/linguistic
- logical/mathematical
- visual/spatial
- musical
- bodily kinesthtic/movement
- intrapersonal
- interpersonal
- naturalistic
- esistentialist
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Wechsler theory of inteligence
Created the test used to measure the itelligence of school childten - now IQ test
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What does it mean for a test to be standardized?
ensures that testing procedures, instructions and scoring are identical
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Validity
if a test measuers what it is supposed to measure
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Content Validity
measures all knowledge/skills included in the domain
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Face Validity
appears to look like it measures the right thing
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Criterion Validity
when scores can be used to predict another relevant measure
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Predictive Validity
Corrcectly predectis future performance or results
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Reliability
ability to be repeated
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Split-half reliability
randomly dividing test into 2 = parts then determine the degree of similarity between scores
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Test-retest method
compare scores for the same test given on two occasions
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Parallel froms
similar but not identical test
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Parts of a neuron
- Dendrites
- Cell Body
- Axon
- Axon Terminal
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Dendrites
reach out, recieve and gather information from other neurons to try to make connections
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Cell Body
- Soma
- Contains the nucleus and organelles
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Axon
Single long fiber - extends from neuron carrying things away from it
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Axon Terminal
send messages away to the next neuron
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Endorphins (Neurotransmitters)
- body's natural painkillers
- produce feeling of euphoria
- bind to receptors that open gates, can keep neurons from firing
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Acetycholine (Neurotransmitters)
involved in muscle movement, meory, attention, and emotion
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GABA (Neurotransmitters)
inhibits anxiety, fear, worry
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Oxytocin (Neurotransmitters)
important in experience of love nad bonding
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Serotonin (Neurotransmitters)
- regulation of sleep, attention, mood, learning and appetite
- can be excitatory or inhibitory
- found in hindbrain
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Dopamine (Neurotransmitters)
voluntary movement, sleep, mood, attention, sensation of pleasure
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Norepinephrine (Neurotransmitters)
- stress relases it
- invloved in arousal & mood
- fight/flight
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Alzheimers has been linked to...
low leves of acetylcholine
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Schizophrenia has been linked to...
high levels of dopamine
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Parkinsons has been linked to...
low levels of dopamine
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