-
hypothalamic nuclei that produces oxytocin (involved in childbirth, lactation, orgasms) controls posterior pituitary
paraventricular nucleus
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hypothalamic nuclei that regulates appetite: secretes releasing hormones that regulate anterior pituitary
arcuate nucleus
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hypothalamic nuclei that produces antidiuretic hormone (involved in water balance); controls posterior pituitary
supraoptic nucleus
-
___ contains multiple nuclei controls ANS, produces hormones, regulates thirst, hunger, sleep, sex drive, body temperature, and is the primary regulator of homeostasis
hypothalamus
-
aka anterior pituitary
adenohypophysis
-
1) hormone that targets cells including liver, skeletal muscles, cartilage and bone.
- 2) stimulated production of insulin-like growth factors by the liver
- 3) causes cell growth and division
- 4) somatotrophs release bursts of hGH (half-life of growth hormone) every few hours, especially during sleep.
- growth hormone
-
which thyroid hormones increases BMR (basic metabolic rate)
t3 thiiodothyronine, t4 thyroxine
-
Inner layer of the medulla has ___ cells that secrete epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. Increased glycolysis, heart rate and blood pressure.
chromaffin cells
-
3 layers of adrenal cortex from superficial to deep, and what they secrete
- 1) zona glomerulosa: mineralocorticoids. (aldosterone)
- 2) zona fasciculata: glucocorticoids (cortisol & androgen)
- 3) zona reticularis: androgen
-
___ a glucocorticoid that production increases during stress.
- -release is stimulated by acth
- -increases lipolysis & gluconeogenesis
- -decreases immune response (inflammation)
- cortisol
-
name the glucocorticoid that is important for growth spurts, muscle mass, development of secondary sex characteristics and libido. Affects the adrenals in women and testes in men after puberty
androgens
-
In the pancreas, _____ glands secrete enzymes into the duodenum.
exocrine glands
-
in the pancreas, ___ glands secretes hormones to regulate blood glucose.
endocrine
-
AKA pancreatic islets
islets of langerhan
-
*In the pancreas, ___ cell secrete glucogen, which raises blood sugar
alpha cells
-
*In the pancreas, ___ cels secrete insulin, and lowers blood sugar
beta cells
-
*In the pancreas, ___ cells secrete somatostatin, and inhibits secretions of insulin and glucogen, and regulate carb metabolism
delta cells
-
*What does the hypothalamus release to stimulate or inhibit the release of following hormones from the pituitary
- 1) human growth hormone
- 2) TSH
- 3) FSH
- 4) LH
- 5) ACTH
- 1) growth hormone releasing hormone
- 2) Thyrotropin releasing hormone
- 3) gonadotropin releasing hormone
- 4) gonadotropin releasing hormone
- 5) corticotropin releasing hormone
- *all release these hormones
-
*What does the hypothalamus release to stimulate or inhibit the release of following hormones from the pituitary
- 1) prolactin
- 2) HGH and TSH
- 1) prolactin inhibiting hormone (dopamine acts like PIH)
- 2) Growth hormone inhibiting hormone
-
__ is any metabolic disorder resulting in chronic polyuria
diabetes
-
___ ___ is an inability to make or use insulin
diabetes mellitus
-
___ is a type of diabetes that resulted from an autoimmune destruction, lack of insulin production
Type 1 diabetes
-
___ is a type of diabetes where cells become unresponsibe to insulin
type 2
-
symptoms of diabetes
glucose spills into urine. polyuria
-
long term effects of diabetes
glucose damages microvasculature, leading to atherosclerosis, nephropathy, poor healing and blindness.
-
gland attached to the roof of the 3rd ventricle pineath the posterior corpus collosum.
- -secretes melatonin at high levels in the dark and during sleep
- -helps regulate circadian rhythms, sleep-wake cycles. (SAD)
- pineal gland
-
hormones the thyroid gland releases and function
- thyroxine: regulates metabolsim
- calcitonin: inhibits release of calcium from the bones
-
parathyroid release which hormone and function
PTH: stimulates the release of calcium from bones
-
islet cells in the pancreas release which hormone and function
- insulin: decreases blood sugar by promoting the uptake of glucose
- glucagon: increases sugar by stimulating the breakdown of glucogen from the liver
-
testes release which hormone and function
testosterone: regulates sperm cell production and secondary sex characteristics
-
ovaries release which hormone and function
- Estrogen: stimulates egg maturation, controls secondary sex characterists.
- Progesterone: prepares the uterus to receive a fertilized egg.
-
adrenal medulla release which hormone and function
epinephrine: stimulates fight or flight response
-
adrenal cortex release which hormone and function
- cortisol: stress response, increase blood glucose & decrease immune response.
- Aldosterone: regulates sodium content in blood.
- Androgens: adult body form, greater muscle mass, libido.
-
pineal gland release which hormone and function
melatonin: sleep cycles, reproductive cycles in many mammals
-
type of diabetes that results from antidiuretic hormone hyposecretion. Without ADH the collecting duct does not reabsorb much water, so more water passes in the urine
diabetes insipidus.
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