The Epstein-Barr virus is associated with which of the following?
A) Burkitt's lymphoma
Which of the following viruses can cause cancer?
A) all of the above
Which virus is the most common etiologic agent of viral respiratory diseases in infants and children?
D) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Most people have antibodies to which of the following viruses, due to previous exposure that caused little or no illness.
A) All of the above
Varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus are included in this widely disseminated group of viruses known for their ability to survive in a latent state and reinfect their hosts during periods of immune suppression.
D) Herpesviruses
This virus causes a benign disease with rash and fever unless it occurs in a pregnant patient, where it can infect the developing fetus and result in multiple congenital anomalies.
A) Rubella virus
The specimen of choice for detecting rotavirus is a
C) fresh stool sample
(T/F) Viral transport media used to transport specimens for isolation of viruses contains antibiotics to prevent overgrowth of bacteria.
True
Cytomegalovirus can be detected in clinical specimens using
A) All of the above are correct.
Which of the following viruses is implicated along with Epstein-Barr virus as a cause of infectious mononucleosis?
A) Cytomegalovirus
(T/F) Viruses causing infections in humans can be present in the host both free in plasma and as intracellular particles.
True
An individual with jaundice, hepatomegaly and elevated ALT has the following serology results: anti-HAV neg, HBsAg pos, anti-HBc IgM pos, and anti-HCV neg. These findings support a diagnosis of:
C) Acute hepatitis B
Quantitative tests for HCV RNA are used to
B) monitor patients on therapy for HCV infection
The serum from an individual who has been vaccinated against hepatitis B virus should contain
A) anti-HBs
(T/F) A positive test for HIV antibody by EIA must be confirmed by Western Blot testing.
True
(T/F) Antibodies to the p24 antigen of HIV are usually the first to be detected in patients with early HIV infection.
True
Which of the following combinations of bands would represent a positive Western blot for HIV antibodies?
C) gp41 and gp120
Cite two reasons why PCR testing is becoming the method of choice to diagnose many viral infections.
1. PCR is highly specific identifying the virus genomic propeties--reduces false positive's
2. can better identify virus that is difficult or dangerous to culture
What is the function of the primers in a PCR assay?
Primers are needed because the polymerase can only add a nucleotide to 3' OH, they are the starting points for elongation of the new DNA sequence
(T/F) In general a fourfold increase in antibody titer from acute to convalescent phase of a viral infection indicates immunity.
True
This virus causes a benign disease with rash and fever unless it occurs in a pregnant patient, where it can infect the developing fetus and result in multiple congenital anomalies.
B) Rubella virus
(T/F) The presence of HBsAg and HBeAg along with anti-HBc in a patient's serum well past 6 months is indicative of chronic infection with Hepatitis B.
True
Which serological marker of HBV (hepatitis B virus) infection indicates recovery and immunity?
A) Anti-HBs
(T/F) Direct immunofluorescent staining of specimens is a good method to choose when the amount of virus in the sample is expected to be high.Indirect immunofluorescent staining takes longer, but is more sensitive and can detect small numbers of virus in a specimen.
True
(T/F) Influenza A and B viruses can be detected in clinical specimens using a rapid antigen detection ELISA test.
True
A 12-year-old girl presented to her physician with sore throat, lymphadenopathy and fatigue. Laboratory results included a WBC count of 5,000 with 10% atypical lymphs and a negative test for heterophile antibody. These results indicate
D) possible infectious mononucleosis, follow up with a test for anti- VCA (viral capsid antigent) to confirm
The term antigenic drift refers to
A) mutation during genome replication resulting in minor antigenic change and relatively mild influenza outbreaks every 1 to 3 years
A less demanding, easily automated technique for batch testing to detect antiviral antibody which can be used to detect IgM-specific antibodies free of common interfering factors is the
D) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
The most pathogenic of the hemorrhagic fever viruses, this group of long filamentous viruses include Marburg and Ebola.
A) filoviruses
Detection of virus in cell culture by hemadsorption
B) multinucleated cells formed from the fusion between cells penetrated by virions and other host cells nearby.
Select the most appropriate answer for a clinical test used to detect and identify viral infections other than culture.
A) All of the above.
Which virus is the most common etiologic agent of viral respiratory diseases in infants and children?
B) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
(T/F) CMV is the most prevalent cause of congenital infections, resulting in hearing loss and developmental delays.
True
(T/F) The Zikavirus, an Arbovirus spread by the Aedes mosquito, is the latest emerging infectious disease, having recently been associated withcases of microcephaly in South America.
True
(T/F) Antigenic shift, brought about by reassortment of genes between human and avian influenza viruses, is responsible for influenza pandemics.
True
(T/F) The quickest way to differentiate between Influenza A and Influenza B viruses is rapid antigen testing by ELISA.
