-
m
nasal, voiced, bilabial
-
p
bilabial, voiceless, stop
-
ʃ
Fricative, voiced, palatal
-
h
Fricative, glottal, unvoiced
-
-
-
r
liquid (rhotic) voiced palatal
-
-
f
fricative, voiceless, labiodental
-
-
v
fricative, voiced, labiodental
-
tʃ
affricate, unvoiced, palatal
-
dʒ
Affricate, voiced, palatal
-
s
fricative, unvoiced, alveolar
-
z
fricative, voiced, alveolar
-
t
stop, unvoiced, alveolar
-
-
θ
Fricative, unvoiced, dental
-
ð
fricative, voiced, dental
-
-
-
-
n
nasal, voiced, alveolar
-
ʒ
fricative, voiced, palatal
-
l
liquid, voiced, alveolar
-
Diphthing production
- change in articulatory posture
- 1. tongue posture
- 2. jaw posture
- 3. lip opening, rounding, unrounding
-
Phonemic Diphthongs
- Distinguish meaning but cant be decreased to monothongs
- ai, au, ɔɪ
-
Non-phonemic Diphthongs
- don't distinguish meaning and can be decreased to /e/ and /o/ monothongs
- ei, ou
-
consonants description
- -place of articulation
- -manner of production
- -voicing
-
monothongs
pure vowels having a single sound quality
-
diphthongs
have a gradually changing articulation results in 2 resonances /or shift
-
f1 frequency
- Depends on size of aperature and pharyngeal cavity volume.
- Large aperature and small pharyngeal cavities result in high freq. F1
-
F2
- frequency depends on volume of oral cavity, by tongue advancement
- More front the tongue higher f2
-
narrow Transcription
exactly what person said [k]
-
broad transcription
- phonemes not related to how person said them
- /r/ /k/
-
progressive vs regressive
- progressive- sound segment influences a following sound
- regressive- sound segment influences preceding sound
-
Assimilation
one speech sound becomes similar/ identical to a neighboring sound segment
-
Coarticulation
effect neighboring sounds have on eachother
-
approximates
consonants with wide passage for airflow
-
obstruents
complete/ narrow constriction between articulator, hindering expiratory system
-
distinctive features
phonetic symbols that distinguish phonemes
-
sound classes
manner of production
-
morpheme
smallest linguistic unit that convey meaning
-
allophone
speech sound that is a variant of a phoneme
-
phoneme
smallest linguistc unit that is able to establish meaning
-
phonological disorder
impaired system of phonemes and phoneme patterns in spoken language
-
phonology
study of patterns of speech sounds in a language and pronunciation rules
-
articulation disorder
difficulty in motor production of speech or inability to produce speech sounds
-
articulation
motor processes involved in planning sequences of gestures that result in speech
-
Parameters that affect formant frequencies
- -Tongue height
- -tongue anterior posterior
- -tense or lax
- -lip rounding
- -rhotic non-rhotic
- -nasality
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