Patient's cells: anti-A = 4+, Anti-B = 0
Patient's serum: A1 cells = 1+, B cells = 4+
O Screening Cell I: IS = 1+, RT = 2+
O Screening Cell II: IS = 1+, RT = 2+
Autocontrol Cell: IS = 1+, RT = 2+
What is the MOST LIKELY cause of this discrepancy?
A) cold autoantibody
Weak ABO antibodies can occur because of:
B) All of the above
If an unexpected cold antibody is discovered, how can it be circumvented so that ABO testing can
continue?
A) All of the Above
A 40 year old man had the following results on routine preadmission testing:
Anti-A: 3+
Anti-B: 0
Anti-D: 3+
Rh control: 0
A1 cells: 1+
B cells: 4+
Without further testing possible explantation(s) include:
A) All of the above are possible
Group B Rh(D) negative blood donor has a positive DAT. Which of the following situations would occur?
B) The weak D test and control would be positive
Of the following mating pairs of phenotypes, which could produce a Group A Rh(D) negative child.
A) All of the above
Forward ABO Group Results: 1+weak mixed-field (mf) reactions with reagent anti-A and anti-A,B
antisera. Negative reactions with reagent anti-B and anti-A1 lectin (Dolichos biflorus) are observed.
Without further testing, the most likely conclusion is that the patient is group:
A) A3
A patient is group A2B, Rh(D) positive and has a 37C antiglobulin-reacting anti-A1 in his serum. He is
bleeding profusely in the operating room and group A2B Packed Red Blood Cells are NOT available.
Which of the following types of blood should be given as a first choice?
A) B, Rh(D) positive
(T/F) In an emergency, a Bombay individual can be safely transfused Group O RBCs.
False
The immunodominant sugar responsible for blood group B specificity is:
jQuery1101036414751096253295_1483763750411B gene codes for a glycotransferase enzyme that adds the sugar D-galactose to the H substance type 2
Anti-Rh antibodies:
A) Are a known cause of hemolytic transfusion reactions
Match the following reagents with their intended use (use each answer only once):
A1 Antigen Detection
H Antigen Detection
Removal of IgM Cold Autoaggl
Hemagglutination Inhibition Te
Weak D Testing
Dolichos biflorus lectin: A1 Antigen Detection
Ulex europaeus lectin: H Antigen Detection
37C Warm Saline: Removal of IgM Cold Autoaggl
Anti-A: Hemagglutination Inhibition Te
Anti-Human Globulin: Weak D Testing
Among common Rh phenotypes, which one expresses the most D antigen on the red blood cells.
C) R2R2
Mother cde/cde
Father CDe/cde
These parents could have a child with the genotype:
D) rr
Match the Fisher Race genotypes on the left with the equivalent modified Wiener genotypes on the right.'
DCE/DCe
dCe/dce
DCe/DcE
DCe/dce
Dce/dce
R1r
r'r
R1R2
RzR1
Ror
DCE/DCe: RzR1
dCe/dce: r'r
DCe/DcE: R1R2
DCe/dce: R1r
Dce/dce: Ror
Partial D antigen expression is associated with:
A) All of the above
Rh Null red blood cells:
B) Lack all Rh antigens
A donor is tested with Rh antisera, with the following results:
D+ C+ E= c= e+
What is the most probable Rh genotype?
C) R1R1
Routine testing for weak Rh(D) antigen by AHG test is not required for
C) Rh(D) negative blood recipients
The ABO antibodies cause the most severe hemolytic reactions because:
1. IgM antibody strongly binds complement
2. IgM antibodies react at room temperature
3. The reactions are intravascular
4. Both a and c
d. Both 1 and 3
A patient has Rouleaux which interferes with the ABO back typing of the patient's blood. This can be
eliminated by:
C) Saline replacement technique
Weak ABO antibodies in plasma can be better detected by:
C) Extended cold incubation with reagent cells
Compare and contrast the antibodies of the ABO and Rh systems. Include antibody class and optimumtemperature of in vitro reactivity. Which are naturally-occurring and which are immune antibodies?Compare the type and severity of the transfusion reaction when ABO or Rh incompatible cells aretransfused.
jQuery110109557850502420566_1483764999322 ABO-Ab
are considered naturally occuring bc they are made with out Ag exposure
IgM
activate complement
react at room temp and colder
lead to intravascular hemolysis
more severe
Rh-Ab
are mostly IgG
react at 37C
are produced in response to Ag exposure via pregnancy or txn
do NOT activate complement
EXtravascular hemolysis of IgG coated cells
cause hemolytic transfusion reactions
also causes HDN hemolytic dz of newborn as IgG is able to cross the placenta
How does the acquired B phenomenon develop?
jQuery1101017148240563246997_1483769732536 Acquired B-Ag is caused by cancer or bacteria infection that goes systemic, bacteria in the blood streamhave enzymes that are able to cleave acetyl groups from the A-Ag, this altered A-Ag is reactove with anti-B Ab. It is usually transient and subsides with treatment
What ABH substance(s) would be found in a group B secretor?
B) H and B
Which of the following ABO groups contains the least amount of H substance?
D) A1B
Rh antibodies have been associated with which of the following clinical conditions?
1. Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
2. Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
3. Cold Agglutinin Disease
4. Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2
Which Rh antigen is present in 85% of the white population, has been a primary cause of HemolyticDisease of the Newborn and is always significant in transfusion?
D) D
Which Rh antibody may be produced by a person with the genotype R1r after prior transfusion?
B) anti-E
How are Rh antigens inherited?
D) Codominant alleles, haplotype from each parent
An example of a technical error which can cause an ABO typing discrepancy is:
C) Cell suspension that is too heavy
You are working on a patient you suspect is a Bombay phenotype. If true, which of the following
reactions do you expect to see?
A) Patient cells + Ulex europaeus = no agglutination
Why is routine ABO typing not usually affected by the presence of warm autoantibodies?
A) All of the above
Donor red cells carrying a weak D antigen require the use of which test to demonstrate its presence?
B) Indirect antiglobulin test
(T/F) A partial D individual is characterized by lacking one or more epitopes of the D mosaic antigen and mayproduce antibody to the missing epitopes when exposed to RBCs with the complete antigen.
True
(T/F) Donor blood for transfusion is considered Rh(D) positive if either the D or weak D test is positive. If boththe tests for D and weak D are negative, it is considered Rh(D) negative.
