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What is site verification?
Each tooth must be marked with a Thompson Stick. This is to make sure we took out the right tooth
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If the X-Ray is not on Axium
It doesn't exist. It has to be on our record. Either take it again or scan it if it comes from the referring doctor.
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Name of instrument and what is it used for? 
Crane pick elevator
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What are this instrument?
1
2
3
- 1. Dean Scissor
- 2. Iris scissor
- 3. Metzelbaun scissor
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Name of instruments?
- Cryer has an obtuse angle.
- East and west are similar but they have 90 degree angle
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1
2
- 1. #286
- 2. #32
- They are used when there is crowding or overlaping teeth because of the thin active part
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- Tissue forceps
- 1. Allis
- 2. Russian
- 3. Adsen
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name and use
- Ash forceps
- Used for premolars
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name and use
root tip pick. self explanatory
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when designing the vertical component of the flap what is the consideration with the papillae?
Never do it in the middle of the papillae, either behind or right after it
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micobiology of odontogenic infections
- aerobic 6%
- anaerobic 50%
- Both 44%
-
very soft, mildly tender, edematous swelling indicates
inoculation
-
indurated and erythematous stage indicate
celullitis
-
central fluctuance indcate
absces
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cellulitis spreads by
- hyaluronidase
- streptokinase
-
in the abscess stage infections spread by
reducing host immune response: like reduce chemotaxis, reduce opsonization and reduce phagocytosis.
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soft tissue infections in the inoculation stage may resolve
by the removal of the odontogenic cause with or w/o supportive abx
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infections in the cellulitis or abscess stage may resolve by
- removal of the dental cause of infection
- + incision and drainage
- + antibiotics
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what is the gold standard for imaging maxillo-facial infection
CT. computerized tomography. specially for deep spaces
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extension of the primary palate
anterior portion of the maxillary including the region of the 4 incisors
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extenstion of the secondary palate
posterior maxilla, bilaterally including the region from canine to the tuberosity
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what muscle is affected in a cleft lip
orbicularly muscle
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the cleft lip and alveoly occurs during which week?
5th and 6th f fetal development. Failure of fusion result in cleft lip and alveolus
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cleft palate occurs during wich week of fetal development
During the 7th to 8th week. closure of the secondary palate (the palatine process of the maxillary arches)
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the most common congenital anomally of the orofacial region?
cleft lip and cleft palate
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other birth conditions associated with cleft lip and palate?
- congenital heart problems
- ear problems
- nasal, ear and eye deformity
- mental retardation
- jaw deformities
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common syndroms associated with cleft lip and palate
- Pierre robin
- Treacher collins
- Down syndrome
- Van der Woude
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probles associated with Cleft palate
- speech
- feeding
- psychosocial
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cleft types
- lip and or palate
- complete or incomplete
- primary or secondary palate
- unilateral or bilateral
- submucous
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epidemiology of cleft lip and palate
- overal incidence of orofacial clefts: 1 in 700 live birth
- cleft lip: Male+ female-
- isolated cleft palate: F+/M- 1:2,500
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goals of cleft lip and palate treatment
- aesthetic
- improve anatomy and oral function
- correct occlusion and masticatory function
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timing of cl/cp surgery.
- Rule of 10:
- 10 weeks
- 10 pounds
- 10 dl/mg hemoglobin
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Types of dentofacial deformities
- Maxillary deficiency
- Maxillary excess
- Mandibular deficiency
- Mandibular excess
- Anterior open bite
- Posterior crossbite
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Orthognatic surgery indication
Severe skeletal problem to severe to correct with orthodontic treatment alone. It restore occlusion and masticatory efficacy but also achieving optimal esthetic facial as well
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determinant of craniofacial and growth development
- Hereditary/ genetic
- functional matrix
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determining completion of growth
- hand wrist film
- cervical vertebrae
- serial cephalometric x-rays
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Le fort I indications
- For protrusion and retrusion of the maxilla
- Corrections of open and close bite
It is estabilizad by rigid fixation.
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intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) indications
Mandibular protrusion to set back the mandibule
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bilateral sagital split osteotomy indications
In individuals with retrognatia to move the mandibule forward
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What is obstructive sleep apnea?
airway collapse at multiple levels diagnosed at a sleep study. Stop of air flow for more than 10 seconds
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most common causes of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea OSA
- Snoring: soft palate and uvula
- OSA: multiple sites
- - primarily at oropharynx
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non surgical options for osa
- nasal pillow
- face mask
- CPAP
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what is the most acceptable procedure for OSA?
- MMA: maxillary mandibular advancement.
- Le Fort I osteotomy and BSSO (Telegnathic surgery)
Aproximately 10 mm which is the greatest distance both max and mand can be moved foward
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