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Addictive Disorders, choose four (Name prevalence sex-ratio)
- Drugs (~25%; 60% male)
- Eating (~7%; 70% female)
- Shopping (~4%; 85% female)
- Gambling (~2.4%; 65% male)
- Sex/Pornography (~2%; 70% male)
- Videogame (~2%; 65% male)
- Chat lines (~1%; equal sex ratio)
- Exercise (~1%; equal sex ratio)
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Levels of substance involvement
Use, Intoxication, Abuse, Dependance
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Substance Use
Ingestion of psychoactive substances to an extent not affecting social or occupational wellbing
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Three most commonly abused substances (in order)
Alcohol, Tobacco, Cannibis
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Age range with heighest percent of heavy users
18-24
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Regions with highest Cannibis abuse
North America, Europoe, Australia
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Regions with heighest amphetamine abuse
USA, England, Australia
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Regions with highest Opiate abuse
China
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Substance Abuse
Substance use causing disruption
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Physiological dependance features
Tolerance, Withdrawal
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Psychological dependance
Drug seeking
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Physiological effects of sustained substance use
Sensitivity, Tolerance, Withdrawal, Brain damage, Neurotransmitter function
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DSM-V Criteria of substance abuse
- Unintended overconsumption
- Consistently failed attempts to control use
- Spending large amounts of time doing drugs or drug-related things
- Failure to fulfill obligations
- Cravings
- Using in spite of health concerns arising from substance
- Continuing despite negative health effects
- Continuing despite negative social effects
- Repeated use in dangerous situations Reducing activities in life in favour of the substance, tolerance, withdrawal
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Five categories of drug abuse
Depressants, Stimulants, Opiates, Hallucinogens
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Behavioural effects of Alcohol
Depressed inhibition, progressively more brain regions affected, agression
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Alcohol Neurotransmitters
GABA (Chattiness), Glutamate (Memory), Serotonin (Cravings/Addiction), Dopamine (Pleasure), Opioid system (Analgesics)
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Sedative-Hypnotics and Anxiolytics (Examples)
Barbiturates, Benzodiazipines
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Barbiturates
Relaxation, Feelings of wellbeing, Slurred speech, trouble walking, poor concentration
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Benzodiazipines
High, Reduced inhibitions, similar withdrawals to alcohol
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Sedative-Hypnotics and Anxiolytics (Prevalence and Gender ratio)
4% Higher rates in women, also elderly and smokers
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