Poli 260 - Global politics 3 - Global security

• (1) The patterns and principles which are products of human activity
• (2) developed over a long period and
• (3) embedded within social institutions.

• 1. Material capacity
• 2. Ideas and norms
• 3. Institutions

When material capacity, ideas and norms, and institutions change, world order changes.

Security emphasizes the absence of threats

• 1. The units of analysis: These are the objects we want to secure
• 2. The sources of analysis: These are the subject of security threats such as terrorists

• 1. Individual / human security
• 2. National security
• 3. International Security

National security focuses on protecting the state against other states.

International Security focuses on the balance of power which can create stability but not necessarily peace

Anarchy in the international system produces insecurity.

• 1. Places an emphasis on security communities such as the European Union in a matured anarchy.
• 2. It is a fusion of realist and liberal visions of the international system.

Anarchy exista in the international system, but states see the need to resolve their conflicts with non violent means

• 1. Liberal institutionalism sees institutions as important mechanisms for achieving security.
• 2. They accept many assumptions of realism but argue that institutions provide a framework for cooperation

• 1. Republican democratic representation
• 2. ideological commitment to human rights
• 3. Economic cooperation / transnational interdependence

Because the fundamental structures of international relations are socially constructed, changing how we think can create more security.

Emphasizes how the effects of war on women is neglected in traditional security studies

International politics can be changed by altering the way we think and talk about security

• 1.Global security is improved by the spread of regional security committees
• 2. Global security is also improved by a consensus around key issues such as poverty the environment disease and violent conflict.
• 3. Globalists emphasize the threats that are common to people globally.

1. War 2. Terrorism

War is an act of force to compel our opponents to fulfill our will.

• 1. The use of superior technology and doctrine of the great powers for quick decisive victory and limiting the number of casualties.
• 2. This includes the use of smart weapons, drones and information warfare.

• 1. a plurality of actors including States, terrorist groups and ethnic groups that challenge state sovereignty and the monopoly of violence
• 2. they often outsource military by hiring private companies as mercenaries

• 1. They are based around the contradictory forces of integration and fragmentation around the world
• 2. They are A struggle between globalization and localization
• 3. They are a struggle between homogenizing and diversification
• 4. They are often a resistance to the Western Way of life

• 1. Terrorism is an act of violence by sub-state groups for political change
• 2. Deliberately target civilians
• 3. Does not respect international laws or norms. example. The Geneva Convention on prisoners of war is not adhered to

• 1. Left-wing terrorists such as the PKK or the Communist Party of India
• 2. Right wing terrorist such as Neil Nazis and the KKK
• 3. Ethno nationalists / separatist terrorists such as the PKK and the mau mau in Kenya
• 4. Religious or sacred terrorists such as Isis

• 1. Repressive state responses to terrorism legitimizes terrorist groups such as in Israel and US drone strikes in Pakistan
• 2. Occupation is one of the factors which breeds terrorism

• 1. On culture. There has been a clash of civilizations as cultures compete for dominance
• 2. On economics. The impact of the liberalized political economy on the global south breeds resentment
• 3. On religion. Terrorists use religious justification to legitimize killing of non-combatants and civilians

• 1. The rapid exchange of ideas and goods can be a catalyst for terrorism such as the Internet, commercial air travel and mobile phones
• 2. This in turn has increased the potential for terrorist groups to acquire, manufacture and use weapons of mass destruction

1. Studying change helps us to predict future trends in the international system

2. and gives us an understanding of how people can change the world