Clinical Pathologies 3

"Crushing" substernal pain that does not disappear w/ rest

Multiple rib fractures resulting in paradoxical movement of the affected ribs

Very painful breathing; ventilation / oxygenation is affected

• Compression of superior thoracic aperture
• Affects arteries and T1 nerve (going to UE / neck)

Injury to the phrenic nerve causes ipsilateral paradoxical movement

• 9^th intercostal space MAL
• Sample fluid in pleural cavity at the costodiaphragmatic recess

• External intercostal m.
• Internal intercostal m.
• Innermost intercostal m.
• Endothoracic fascia
• Parietal pleura

• External intercostal m.
• Internal intercostal m.

collateral and intercostal nn.

Entry of air into pleural cavity

• fluid = hydrothorax
• blood = hemothorax

Obstruction of a pulmonary artery by a thrombus / fat glubule / air from leg vein causes decrease in oxygenation of blood

large embolus = emergency (patient can die w/in minutes)

• Long thoracic nerve ()
• Thoracodorsal nerve ()

SLIDE 16