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Which are the structural units and are highly specialized to transmit nerve impulses from one part of the body to the other?
Neurons
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What is another term for glial cells?
Neuroglia
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Neuroglia found in the Central Nervous System (CNS) include ____, ____, ____, and ____ cells.
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells
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Neuroglia found in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) include ____ and ____.
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Neuroglia found in the ____ include Schwann and satellite cells
Peripheral Nervous System
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Neuroglia found in the ____ include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells
Central Nervous System (CNS)
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Astrocytes are abundant most in the ____ neuralgia.
CNS
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Microglial cells are ____ cells in the CNS.
Defensive
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Microglial cells are defensive cells in the ___.
CNS
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Ependymal Cells line ____ fluid-filled cavities.
Cerebrospinal
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____ Cells line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities.
Ependymal
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_____ have processes that form myelin sheaths around CNS nerve fibers.
Oligodendrocytes
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____ cells and ____ cells (which form myelin) surround neurons in the PNS.
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Satellite cells and Schwann cells (which form myelin) surround ____ in the PNS.
neurons
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Satellite cells and Schwann cells (which form myelin) surround neurons in the ____.
PNS
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Oligodendrocytes have processes that form myelin sheaths around ____.
CNS nerve fibers
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____ are abundant most in the CNS neuralgia.
Astrocytes
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Neurons contain a cell body where the ____ , neuroplasm, ____, and ____ are located
- nucleus
- neurofibrils
- nissil bodies
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Neurofibrils are the ____ elements
cytoskeletal
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____ are the cytoskeletal elements
Neurofibrils
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Nissil bodies are ____ involved in metabolic activities of the cell
rough endoplasmic reticulum
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____ are rough endoplasmic reticulum involved in metabolic activities of the cell
Nissil bodies
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____: A cluster of neuron cell bodies found within the CNS
Nuclei
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Nuclei: A cluster of _____ found within the CNS
neuron cell bodies
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____: A cluster of neuron cell bodies found outside the CNSBoth nuclei and ganglia make up gray matter
Ganglia
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Ganglia: A cluster of neuron cell bodies found outside the CNS
Both nuclei and ganglia make up ____.
Gray matter
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Bundle of fibers (neuron processes):
____: Neuron fibers running through the CNS
____: Neuron fibers running through the PNS
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Bundle of fibers (neuron processes):
Tracts: Neuron fibers running through the ____.
Nerves: Neuron fibers running through the ___
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Bundle of fibers (____):
Tracts: Neuron fibers running through the CNS
Nerves: Neuron fibers running through the PNS
neuron processes
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Two types of neuron processes:
Dendrites: are the ____ regions that bear neurotransmitter receptors
Axons: generate and conduct ____.
receptive
impulses
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Two types of neuron processes:
____: are the receptive regions that bear neurotransmitter receptors
____: generate and conduct impulses
Dendrites
Axons
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____: branches of axons
Collaterals
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Collaterals: branches of ____.
axons
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______: initial axon segment found beside the cell body
Axon hillock
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Axon hillock: initial axon segment found beside the _____.
cell body
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Axon terminals: ends of axons which form ____ with other neurons or effector cells
synaptic clefts
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Axon terminals: ends of axons which form synaptic clefts with other ____ or ____ cells
neurons
effector
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_____: ends of axons which form synaptic clefts with other neurons or effector cells
Axon terminals
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Myelin: ____ material that wraps most long nerves
Fatty
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Axons in the PNS are wrapped by ___ cells creating the myelin sheath
____: the exposed plasma membrane of the Schwann cell
Nodes of Ranvier: indentions found in the myelin sheath
Axons in the CNS are wrapped by _____.
- Schwann
- Neurilemma
- Oligodendrocytes
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Axons in the ___ are wrapped by Schwann cells creating the myelin sheath
Neurilemma: the ___ plasma membrane of the Schwann cell
____: indentions found in the myelin sheath
Axons in the ____ are wrapped by oligodendrocytes
- PNS
- Exposed
- Nodes of Ranvier
- CNS
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___ in the PNS are wrapped by Schwann cells creating the _____.
Neurilemma: the exposed plasma membrane of the _____.
Nodes of Ranvier: indentions found in the myelin sheath
Axons in the CNS are wrapped by oligodendrocytes
- Axons
- Myelin sheath
- Schwann cell
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How an impulse travels:
An excited ____ sends an impulse (action potential) down the axon towards the axon terminals across the ____ causing synaptic vesicles to release _____ close to the dendrites of the neighboring neuron.
- Neuron
- Synaptic cleft
- Neurotransmitters
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How an impulse travels:
An excited neuron sends an impulse (_____) down the axon towards the axon ____ across the synaptic cleft causing ____ to release neurotransmitters close to the dendrites of the neighboring neuron.
- Action potential
- Terminals
- Synaptic vesicles
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How an impulse travels:
An excited neuron sends an impulse (action potential) down the axon towards the axon terminals across the synaptic cleft causing synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitters close to the ____ of the ____ neuron.
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Neurons are classified based on ____and ____.
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Classifying neurons by structure:
____ neurons: one very short process that extends from the cell body, most neurons conducting impulses to the CNS are unipolar
Unipolar
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Classifying neurons by structure:
Unipolar neurons: one very short process that extends from the cell body, most neurons conducting impulses ___ the CNS are unipolar
to
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Classifying neurons by structure:
____ neurons: two processes attached to the cell body, found in the eye, ear, and olfactory mucosa
Bipolar
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Classifying neurons by structure:
Bipolar neurons: ___ processes attached to the cell body, found in the ___, ___ , and _____.
- Two
- Eye
- Ear
- Olfactory mucosa
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Classifying neurons by structure:
____ neurons: many processes from the cell body (all dendrites except for one axon process), most neurons in the brain and spinal cord are multipolar neurons
Multipolar
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Classifying neurons by structure:
Multipolar neurons: many processes from the cell body (all dendrites except for one axon process), most neurons in the ____ and ____ are multipolar neurons
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Classification by function:
_____ or ____ neurons: carry impulses from sensory receptors in the internal organs
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Classification by function:
Sensory or afferent neurons: carry impulses from _____ in the internal organs
Sensory receptors
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Classification by function:
_____ or ____ neurons: carry impulses from the CNS to the internal organs, muscles, or glands
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Classification by function:
Motor or efferent neurons: carry impulses from the ___ to the internal organs, ____ , or ___.
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Classification by function:
____ neurons or ____ : situated between and contribute to pathways that connect sensory and motor neurons
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Classification by function:
Association neurons or interneurons: situated between and contribute to pathways that connect ____ and ____ neurons
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Each nerve fiber is surrounded by ____, a delicate connective tissue sheath
Endoneurium
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Each ____ is surrounded by endoneurium, a delicate connective tissue sheath
nerve fiber
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Each nerve fiber is surrounded by endoneurium, a delicate ____ tissue sheath
Connective
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Bundles of fibers (____) are bounded by ____, a coarser connective tissue
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Bundles of fibers (fascicle) are bounded by ____, a ___ connective tissue
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Bundles of fascicles (____) are bounded by epineurium, a white fibrous connective tissue
Nerve
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Bundles of fascicles (nerve) are bounded by ____, a white fibrous connective tissue
Epineurium
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Sensory or afferent nerves: carry only sensory processes and carry impulses only ____ the CNS
Mixed nerves: carry both sensory and motor processes; most nerves in the body
Toward
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Sensory or afferent nerves: carry only sensory processes and carry impulses only toward the CNS
____ nerves: carry both sensory and motor processes; most nerves in the body
Mixed
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A nerve is a bundle of ____ wrapped in a connective tissue sheath that extends to and from the CNS and visceral organs or structures of the periphery body
Neuron fibers
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A ____ is a bundle of neuron fibers wrapped in a connective tissue sheath that extends to and from the CNS and visceral organs or structures of the periphery body
Nerve
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Although, neuroglia resembles neuron in some ways( they have fibrous cellular extensions), they are not capable of ?
Generating and transmitting nerve impulses.
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Which neuralgia acts as a phagocyte?
Microglia
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Which neuralgia myelinates the cytoplasmic extensions of the neurons?
- Oligodendrocytes
- Schwann Cells
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Which neuralgia plays a role in capillary-neuron exchange and controls the chemical environment around neurons?
Astrocytes
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Identify 1,2,3,4
- 1: Peripheral Process(axon)
- 2: Sensory Neuron
- 3: Interneuron
- 4: Motor Neuron
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Identify 1,2,3,4
- 1: Afferent
- 2: Efferent
- 3: Ganglion
- 4: Cell Body
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Identify 1,2,3
- 1: Spinal
- 2: Central Process (axon)
- 3: Receptive Endings
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Identify 1 and 2
- 1: Myelin Sheath
- 2: Perineurium
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Identify 1 and 2
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Identify 1,2,3
- 1: Epineurium
- 2: Fascicle
- 3: Blood Vessels
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Identify 1,2,3
- 1: Axon Terminals
- 2: Nissl Bodies
- 3: Dendrites
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- Top: Axon hillock
- Right Most: Nucleus of Schwann Cell
- Bottom: Schwann Cell
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- 1: Node of Ranvier
- 2: Myelin Sheath
- 3: Neurilemma
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