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Why do human males have external testes?
- Male testicles are 3 degrees cooler than core temp.
- Sperm production is more efficient at lower temps.
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adaptations that allow for cooler gonadal temps
- external testicles
- sweat glands on scrotum
- dartos muscle: wrinkle scrotal skin to increase thickness
- cremaster muscle: elevates testicles closer to body
- pampiniform plexus: transfers heat from arteries entering to this vein
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__ cells produce sperm in the __
Spermatogenic; seminiferous tubules
process takes 75 days
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Spermatogonia is located near the __
basal compartment of the seminiferous tubules
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Primary spermatocytes become secondary spermatocytes and completes __
meiosis I
(page 29 on slide)
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Secondary spermatocytes becomes __ and complete __
spermatids; meiosis II
(page 29 on slide)
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__ make seminiferous tubule fluid & form the __ which separates the __
- Sustentocytes (Sertoli cells);
- blood testis barrier;
- basal & adluminal compartment
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__ become sperm with the development of __ to help deploy through the __
- Spermatids;
- an acrosome (filled with digestive enzymes), mitochondria, and flagellum;
- zona pellucida
(page 32 on slide)
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After sperm is made, they go to the __ that has __ to __
- epididymis;
- stereocilia;
- absorb seminiferous tubule fluid
(page 34 on slide)
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From the epididymis, the sperm goes through the __ to the __
vas deferens; prostate gland
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accessory glands
- seminal vesicle: 60% of semen volume, prostaglandins stimulate uterine contractions, sugars to nourish, immuno-supressants, promote sperm motility
- prostate gland: enhance sperm motility & movement through uterus
- bulbourethral glands: produce mucus that neutralizes urine & lubricates urethra
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events leading to fertilization: Sperm binds to the __ & undergoes __. Then there is fusion of __. Then a __ occurs with enzymes preventing any other sperm from binding to the egg, then fertilization occurs in which __
- zona pellucida;
- acrosomal reaction - release of enzymes to form a slit in the zona pellucida;
- oocyte & sperm plasma membranes;
- cortical reaction;
- chromosomes of male and female gametes join
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