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poxvirus
- HUGE ds DNA surrounded by core membrane, lateral bodies (containing replication enzymes) and surface membrane. 1 or 2 envelopes depending on viral load (lysis vs lysogenic). Oval, brick shaped
- used as vectors for vaccines or gene therapy
- Immune evasion MASTERS
- replicate in cytoplasm
- species specific, some zoonotic
- No persistence
- local or systemic disease
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poxvirus replication
- direct fusion
- uncoating (one or two depending on envelopes)
- Replicates IN CYTOPLASM, lateral bodies
- early, intermediate, late genes.
- High infection pressure = lysis, one envelope. Low infection pressure = lysogenic cycle, double envelope (budding)
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Avipox: fowlpox
- poxvirus (dsDNA, replicates in cytoplasm, enveloped)
- common in backyard chx (not vaccinated)
- cutaneous form - via biting insects and wound contamination, skin lesions, recovery
- diphtheric form - infection via inhalation, diphtheric membranes in pharynx, trachea. gasping, coughing, asphyxiation, often death
- bollinger bodies in cytoplasm
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capripox: sheeppox
- poxvirus, dsDNA, enveloped (brick), replicates in cytoplasm
- MOST SEVERE of all animal poxviruses, REPORTABLE
- infection via droplet, stable flies and fomites
- Serious FATAL dz.
- pain, swollen eyelids, mucopurulent d/c, skin lesions (erythematous become raised, dermal necrosis then scar), can develop in lungs (edema, necrosis, atelectasis)
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capripox: goatpox
- poxvirus, dsDNA, enveloped (brick), replicates in cytoplasm
- REPORTABLE
- pain, swollen eyelids, mucopurulent d/c, skin lesions (erythematous become raised, dermal necrosis then scar), can develop in lungs (edema, necrosis, atelectasis)
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capripox: lumpy skin disease
- poxvirus, dsDNA, enveloped (brick), replicates in cytoplasm
- cattle and zebus
- spread via biting insects and direct contact, epidemics vary with insect population
- lacrimation, nasal d/c, hypersalivation, lumps on skin and mucosa, lymphadenopathy, edema
- nodules contain creamy grey or yellow, could regress or ulcerate, necrose, scars
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Leporipox: myxoma virus
- poxvirus, dsDNA, replicates in cytoplasm, envelope
- spread via contact or biting insects
- dz depending on breed - pet/European die (systemic), mild cutaneous fibroma in wild.
- primary infection, replicate in dermis and langerhans, infects T cells, spreads to lymph organs and skin
- localized skin tumors vs large skin lesions, edema of head and genitals, conjunctivitis/blindness, death
- myxoma cells - stellate cells with large nucleus, proliferative cells budding off into circulation
- no tx
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Orthopox: cowpox
- poxvirus, dsDNA, enveloped, replicates in cytoplasm
- inspired first smallpox vaccine
- zoonotic, in cats
- cats get it from rodents (reservoir), single lesion to general skin rash, macules become vesicles, ulcerate, scabs. Immunosuppressed die of pneumonia (and cheetahs)
- cats give to humans, localized lesions, systemic ADR.
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Parapox: Orf
- poxvirus, dsDNA enveloped, replicates in cytoplasm
- = ecthyma contagiosum, ovine range fever, thistle disease, scabby mouth
- lips of young sheep and goats
- resistant in environment
- zoonotic
- spread via direct contact and fomites, papules and pustules on lips and muzzles of lambs, teats, feet and eyelids of ewes.
- Heals without scarring
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Parapox: pseudocowpox
- poxvirus, dsDNA enveloped replicates in cytoplasm
- causes bovine papular stomatitis
- unimportant medically, only because it looks like foot and mouth
- zoonosis (farmyard pox)
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suipox: swinepox
- poxvirus, dsDNA, enveloped, cytoplasmic replication
- most common pox in pigs
- transmitted by PIG LOUSE and contact, mostly in young
- face, ear, leg, abdomen papules/pustules, turn into dark scabs (spotted piglets), heal without scarring
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picornavirus
+RNA, non-enveloped, icosahedral
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foot and mouth disease
- picornavirus, +RNA, non-enveloped
- cloven-hoofed animals
- very variable, evolves, no cross-protection, very stable virus
- huge economic losses
- transmission: resp aerosol, eating infected, mechanical, AI, contaminated biologicals like hormones
- sheep and goats are maintenance host - mild signs, hard to diagnose. Pigs are amplifiers - no persistance of virus but produce HUGE loads. Cows are indicators, get all the clinical signs
- excretion of virus pre-clinical signs, virus in ALL secretions of body
- vesicles and erosions on mouth, nares, muzzle/snout, feat, teats; excessive salivation, lameness, myocarditis in piglets
- REPORTABLE
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swine vesicular disease (SVD)
- picornavirus, +RNA no envelope
- signs like foot and mouth disease
- very stable virus, lives in dried and cured meat
- excreted pre clinical signs
- reportable
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Enterovirus encephalomyelitis of pigs
- picornavirus, +RNA no envelope
- neuro disease of pigs
- most are mild, diarrhea, pericarditis, occasional abortion. Teschen disease is REPORTABLE and causes neuro
- fecal-oral, endemic in most swine herds
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Teschen disease
- nasty neuro form of enterovirus encephalomyelitis of pigs
- Reportable
- picornavirus, +RNA, no envelope
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Avian encephalomyelitis
- Picornavirus, +RNA no envelope
- "Epidemic Tremor"
- neuro disease of young chickens, pheasants, quail, turkeys
- orofecal and vertical transmission
- drop in egg production, neuro in young chicks
- vaccine
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Epidemic tremor
- Picornavirus, +RNA no envelope
- Avian encephalomyelitis
- neuro disease of young chickens, pheasants, quail, turkeys
- orofecal and vertical transmission
- drop in egg production, neuro in young chicks
- vaccine
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caliciviridae
+RNA non-enveloped icosahedral
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Vesicular exanthema of swine (VESV)
- calicivirus, +RNA no envelope
- extinct
- sea lion virus that caused foot and mouth symptoms in pigs
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Feline calicivirus
- calici virus +RNA no envelope
- major cause of resp (~40%), different strains have dif virulence, can be carriers
- mild conjuntivitis, sneezing, rhinitis, nasal d/c, ulceration of tongue, palate, nasal philtrum, RARELY pneumonia
- aerosol and fomite transmission, more in shelters/catteries and multi-cat households
- Stable virus in humid environment
- vax prevents disease but not infection
- RARELY virulent systemic FCV: facial and limb edema, oral ulcers, nasal and ocular discharge, sores/ulceration, multi-organ dysfunction, sudden death
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rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus
- calicivirus +RNA no envelope
- VERY contagious, peracute hemorrhagic disease
- only PET (european and New Zealand White) over 40 or 50 days are susceptible
- Reportable in US
- sudden death, sometimes neuro, resp, bloody nasal d/c. VERY occasionally more chronic disease, jaundice, death in 1-2wks
- VERY stable in environment
- can't be grown in lab
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