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What lab evaluations should you do in young to middle aged animals with a normal history and PE? In middle aged to geriatric animals?
- Young: PCV/ TP
- Geriatric: CBC, Chem, +/- chest rads
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What conditions absolutely need to be addressed before anesthesia? (9)
- hemodynamic shock
- severe dehydration
- anemia or hypoproteinemia (PCV<20, albumin <2)
- acid-base and electrolyte disturbances
- pneumothorax
- cyanosis
- oliguria/anuria
- congestive heart failure
- severe cardiac arrhythmias (Vtach, complete AV block)
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Describe protocols for pre-operative fasting in small animals.
- food but not water is withheld prior to elective general anesthesia
- >4 months old: 6-8 hours fasting
- <4 months old: 2-4 hours fasting
- <2 months old: 1 hour fasting
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What is the standard premedication regimen for a dog OHE physical status I or II?
- IM pre-med acepromazine (dexmedetomidine for difficult to handle dogs/ cats)
- combined with an opioid (morphine or buprenorphine)
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What is the standard premedication regimen for a cat OHE physical status I or II?
- IM pre-med acepromazine (dexmedetomidine for difficult to handle dogs/ cats) and ketamine (or alfaxalone)
- combined with an opioid (morphine or buprenorphine)
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Describe neuroleptanalgesia.
- combining a sedative and an opioid to enhance sedation and analgesia
- sedatives: ace, alpha-2, midazolam (debilitated patients)
- opioids: morphine, methadone, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, buprenorphine (longer-lasting), butorphanol (shorter duration)
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Describe the components and use of telazol.
- 50:50 combination of tiletamine (dissociative anesthetic) and zolazepam (benzodiazepine)
- can be used for mild sedation or surgical anesthesia at higher doses (not recommended- prolonged recoveries)
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What is "kitty magic" and when is it used?
- dexmedetomidine + ketamine + morphine
- can all be combined in same syringe
- can be reversed with antisedan/ atipamezol (reverses the dex)
- used for very fractious cats
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What is simbadol?
- buprenorphine for subcutaneous injections in cats for post-op pain
- first dose given 1hr prior to sx
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How is anesthetic induction achieved for dogs and cats physical status I or II?
IV injection of propofol, ketamine+midazolam, or alfaxalone
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How is maintenance achieved for dogs and cats physical status I or II?
inhalant anesthesia with isoflurane or sevoflurane
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Describe a standard perianesthetic fluid regiment.
- crystalloids at 3-5mL/kg/hr [LRS, plasmalyte]
- colloids if indicated- blood products or vetstarch
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Use a non-rebreathing system is the patient is _________.
<3kg
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It is important to monitor __(3)__.
circulation, oxygenation, and ventilation
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