Bacteria wk 8-10

• gram negative obligate anaerobic bacilli or filaments
• commensal of mm
• in wounds (persistent soaking on wet ground, or stony ground)
• cattle, horses (thrush in horses)

• gram negative obligate anaerobe bacillus
• foot rot of sheep and goats, secondary after fusobacterium necroforum (but does more damage)
• damage to interdigital from persistent soaking, causes separation of hoof & dermal tissue ("underrunning").  Lameness with foul-smelling lesions

• gram positive facultative anaerobe coccus
• commensal of skin, mm, skin diseases predispose (ectoparasites, allergies, seborrhea, etc)
• Pyoderma (pyogenic bacterial infection of skin, papules to pustules to folliculitis)
• usually dogs

• gram positive facultative anaerobic coccus (clusters)
• commensal of skin, mm
• GREASY PIG DISEASE
• reddish or copper skin, thin brown scales, peel off in scabs.  ADR, dehydration.  
• newborns colonized by dam.  Avoids clearance via antiphagocytic capsule, IgG binding protein (inhibits opsonization by abs).  Exfoliative toxin (blisters, separation in stratum granulosum, sloughing), inflammation, lose fluids through skin, dehydration.

• gram positive aerotolerant coccus, chains
• commensal of mm of URT, GI, lower genital
• DOGS, associated with trauma
• necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating bacteria), toxic shock-like syndrome (cellulitis, exudate, pain)

• gram positive, facultative anaerobe, slender bacillus, causes erysipelas
• reportable
• commensal of GI, lymph
• Pigs: (ingestion) Diamond skin disease, acute septicemic disease (vomiting, skin lesions), chronic (arthritis, vegetative endocarditis)
• Turkeys, Sheep: acquire through wounds.  acute = unsteady, purple turgid snoods (turkeys).  Chronic = arthritis, endocarditis (sheep)
• zoonotic

• gram positive facultative anaerobe slender bacillus
• dogs: ingest organism, endocarditis, arthritis
• zoonotic

• gram positive facultative anaerobe diphtheroid, variably acid-fast, facultative intracellular of macrophages
• caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats - multilayered abscesses in LN, healthy otherwise (goats), vs "thin ewe syndrome"
• Ulcerative ympnangitis of horses, cattle.  Ascends lymphatics causing nodules/abscesses
• Pigeon Fever in horses, abscesses in pectoral

• corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
• gram positive facultative anaerobe diphtheroid, variably acid-fast, facultative intracellular of macrophages
• Multilayered abscesses in LN, otherwise healthy.  Can cause "thin ewe syndrome"
• Goats and sheep

• corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
• gram positive facultative anaerobe diphtheroid, variably acid-fast, facultative intracellular of macrophages
• horses, cows
• ascends lymphatics, nodules/absesses

• corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
• gram positive facultative anaerobe diphtheroid, variably acid-fast, facultative intracellular of macrophages
• horses
• abscesses in pectoral region (puffed out chest)

• gram positive spore-forming bacilli, strict anaerobe
• natural inhabitant of soil
• malignant edema, gangrenous dermatitis in chickens
• causes necrotizing cellulitis, hemorrhage, edema, swollen painful warm lesions, later cold and crepitant.
• spores in tissues germinate under anaerobic conditions, produce membrane-damaging toxins that cause myonecrosis and increased capillary permeability, death

• clostridium septicum, gram positive spore-forming bacilli, strict anaerobe
• natural inhabitant of soil
• causes necrotizing cellulitis, hemorrhage, edema, swollen painful warm lesions, later cold and crepitant.spores in tissues germinate under anaerobic conditions, produce membrane-damaging toxins that cause myonecrosis and increased capillary permeability, death

• chickens
• clostridium septicum, gram positive spore-forming bacilli, strict anaerobe
• natural inhabitant of soil
• causes necrotizing cellulitis, hemorrhage, edema, swollen painful warm lesions, later cold and crepitant.spores in tissues germinate under anaerobic conditions, produce membrane-damaging toxins that cause myonecrosis and increased capillary permeability, death

• bighead in rams
• edema in head, neck, cranial thorax (B is Black disease, D is Redwater)
• gram positive spore forming bacilli, strict anaerobe, inhabitant of soil.
• spores innoculated into wounds caused by head butting, produce toxins that contribute to edema and rapid death

• clostridium novyi type A
• edema in head, neck, cranial thorax (B is Black disease, D is Redwater)
• gram positive spore forming bacilli, strict anaerobe, inhabitant of soil.
• spores innoculated into wounds caused by head butting, produce toxins that contribute to edema and rapid death

• Blackleg
• gram positive spore forming bacilli, strict anaerobe, inhabitant of soil
• edematous, hemorrhagic, necrotic lesions, ADR, lameness.  Start warm and painful, turn cold and crepitus (like c. septicum)
• Systemic, NOT WOUND ASSOCIATED (but anaerobic so can "outbreak" when many animals get bruises)
• toxins cause myonecrosis, increased permeability, damage and death

• clostridium chauvoei
• gram positive spore forming bacilli, strict anaerobe, inhabitant of soil
• edematous, hemorrhagic, necrotic lesions, ADR, lameness.  Start warm and painful, turn cold and crepitus (like c. septicum)
• Systemic, NOT WOUND ASSOCIATED (but anaerobic so can "outbreak" when many animals get bruises)
• toxins cause myonecrosis, increased permeability, damage and death

• associated with other clostridium in wound infections, comes in to cause fatal myositis, hepatic disease in ruminants and horses.
• gram positive spore forming bacillus, strict anaerobe, inhabitant of soil

• gram positive acid fast aerobic bacillus, mycolic acid, facultative intracellular of macrophages
• Feline leprosy
• single or multiple nodules on skin, painless, move freely, intact or ulcerated.  Surgical removal.  
• Other species (M. fortiuitum, chelonae, smegmatis) similar but grow faster - atypical mycobacterium

• mycobacterium lepraemurium
• gram positive acid fast aerobic bacillus, mycolic acid, facultative intracellular of macrophages
• single or multiple nodules on skin, painless, move freely, intact or ulcerated.  Surgical removal.  
• Other species (M. fortiuitum, chelonae, smegmatis) similar but grow faster - atypical mycobacterium

• gram positive, branching filaments full of cocci (zoospores are NOT endospores)
• entry via wounds, scabs of keritanized epidermis and neutrophilic exudates pull off
• horses, cattle: streptothricosis, rain rot
• sheep: lumpy wool disease, strawberry foot rot

• dermaptophilus congolensis 
• gram positive, branching filaments full of cocci (zoospores are NOT endospores) 
• entry via wounds, scabs of keritanized epidermis and neutrophilic exudates pull off

• dermatophilus congolensis
• gram positive, branching filaments full of cocci (zoospores are NOT endospores)
• entry via wounds, scabs of keritanized epidermis and neutrophilic exudates pull off

• dermatophilus congolensis
• gram positive, branching filaments full of cocci (zoospores are NOT endospores)
• entry via wounds, scabs of keritanized epidermis and neutrophilic exudates pull off

• dermatophilus congolensis
• gram positive, branching filaments full of cocci (zoospores are NOT endospores)
• entry via wounds, scabs of keritanized epidermis and neutrophilic exudates pull off

• rat bite fever
• gram negative facultative anaerobe pleomorphic bacillus
• commensal of rats, transmitted by bites
• turkeys, mice, humans
• localizes to joints - synovitis, arthritis

• streptobacillus moniliformis
• gram negative facultative anaerobe pleomorphic bacillus
• commensal of rats, transmitted by bites
• turkeys, mice, humans
• localizes to joints - synovitis, arthritis

• gram negative bacillus
• cat scratch disease
• chronic bacteremia with no disease in cat
• transmitted between cats via flea
• zoonotic

• trochophyton and microsporum
• molds (macro- and microconidia off aerial hyphae in free-living form, arthroconidia in parasitic form)
• spread by contact
• Ringworm!  Lots of dif species
• conidia germinate in host, mycelium along cornified epithelium.  Ectothrix - arthroconidia along surface of hair.  
• Superficial lesions, erythema to vesiculopustular, alopecia with scaling and crusting.  
• ZOONOTIC
• enter through breaks in skin, produce keratinase and proteases so can colonize keratinized tissues, inflammatory radiates = target/ring lesions.
• woods lamp, examine in mineral oil or KOH, fungal culture in DTM

• yeast, lipophilic, commensal
• dermatitis: after altered environment/immunity
• pruritis, alopecia, excoriation, seborrhea, lichenification, hyperpigmentation
• Otitis externa: pruritic, maybe purulent and malodorous

• dimorphic fungus (mold in environment, yeast in host)
• entry via wounds, nodules on lower parts of legs, ulcerate and discharge pus

• dimorphic fungus (mold in environment, yeast in host)
• entry via wounds
• epizootic lymphagnitis in horses, mules, donkeys.  Nodular lesions that ulcerate and heal by scarring

• fungal tumors
• localized lesions, granulomatous
• treated by excision

• dark pigmented soil fungi
• causes nodules under skin
• treated by excision

• dark pigmented soil fungi
• causes nodules under skin
• treated by excision

• most common cause of canine (anyone's) UTI.  Gram - facultative anaerobic bacillus, commensal of intestines, in environment, causes ascending infections, cystitis first then pyelonephritis
• adhere to uroepithelium via type I pili (common) and P/Pap pili (pyelonephritis-associated), form biofilms.  Some produce urease which converts urea to ammonia (raises pH of urine), promotes urolith formation (bacteria trapping), inactivates complement to reduce clearance.

• canine UTI
• Gram - facultative anaerobic bacillus, commensal of intestines, in environment, causes ascending infections, cystitis first then pyelonephritis
• adhere to uroepithelium via type I pili (common) and P/Pap pili (pyelonephritis-associated), form biofilms.  Some produce urease which converts urea to ammonia (raises pH of urine), promotes urolith formation (bacteria trapping), inactivates complement to reduce clearance.

• canine UTI
• Gram - facultative anaerobic bacillus, commensal of intestines, in environment, causes ascending infections, cystitis first then pyelonephritis
• adhere to uroepithelium via type I pili (common) and P/Pap pili (pyelonephritis-associated), form biofilms.  Some produce urease which converts urea to ammonia (raises pH of urine), promotes urolith formation (bacteria trapping), inactivates complement to reduce clearance.

• canine UTI
• Gram - facultative anaerobic bacillus, commensal of intestines, in environment, causes ascending infections, cystitis first then pyelonephritis
• adhere to uroepithelium via type I pili (common) and P/Pap pili (pyelonephritis-associated), form biofilms.  Some produce urease which converts urea to ammonia (raises pH of urine), promotes urolith formation (bacteria trapping), inactivates complement to reduce clearance.

• canine UTI
• Gram + facultative anaerobic coccus, commensal of intestines, in environment, causes ascending infections, cystitis first then pyelonephritis
• adhere to uroepithelium via type I pili (common) and P/Pap pili (pyelonephritis-associated), form biofilms.  Some produce urease which converts urea to ammonia (raises pH of urine), promotes urolith formation (bacteria trapping), inactivates complement to reduce clearance.

• canine UTI
• Gram + coccus, commensal of intestines, in environment, causes ascending infections, cystitis first then pyelonephritis
• adhere to uroepithelium via type I pili (common) and P/Pap pili (pyelonephritis-associated), form biofilms.  Some produce urease which converts urea to ammonia (raises pH of urine), promotes urolith formation (bacteria trapping), inactivates complement to reduce clearance.

• gram positive facultative anaerobic diphtheroid (C. renale complex = C. renale, C. cystitidis, C. pilosum).  
• COmmensal of lower urogenital in ruminants.  
• Cattle: ascending infections esp in cows near parturition.  Frequent urination, blood in urine, abdominal pain.
• Sheep/goats: infections in males, necrotizing inflammation of prepuce and adjacent tissues. ("pizzle rot")
• causes high pH

• gram + obligate anaerobic diphtheroid
• commensal of genital tract of boars
• venereal transmission.  Causes cystitis (frequent urination, blood and pus in urine), acute renal failure in some (suddenly ill, down, depressed, dead).

• gram negative curved bacillus, microaerophile
• diagnostic hepatic target lesions in aborted fetus
• Bovine: c. fetus ssp venerealis (REPORTABLE). Prepuce of bulls, vagina of cows, venereal transmission, causes endometritis, salpingitis, failure to implant fetus, abortions.
• goats/sheep: in GI tract, placentitis, abortion.

• gram negative aerobic coccobacillus of cattle (and other species)
• ingestion, penetration of skin, venereal, inhalation.
• replicates in LN, systemic to uterus, epididymis, LYMPHOID TISSUE.  
• abortion in females, epididymitis and orchitis in males
• zoonotic (undulant fever), reportable, bioterrorism, agroterrorism
• eradicated from domestic herds in US

• gram negative aerobic coccobacillus of sheep and goats (and other species).  THE WORST of brucella
• ingestion, penetration of skin, venereal, inhalation.
• replicates in LN, systemic to uterus, epididymis, LYMPHOID TISSUE.
• abortion in females, epididymitis and orchitis in males
• zoonotic (undulant fever), reportable, bioterrorism, agroterrorism

• gram negative aerobic coccobacillus of sheep (and other species)
• ingestion, penetration of skin, venereal, inhalation.
• replicates in LN, systemic to uterus, epididymis, LYMPHOID TISSUE.
• abortion in females, epididymitis and orchitis in males
• zoonotic (undulant fever), reportable, bioterrorism, agroterrorism

• gram negative aerobic coccobacillus of swine (and other species)
• ingestion, penetration of skin, venereal, inhalation.
• replicates in LN, systemic to uterus, epididymis, LYMPHOID TISSUE.
• abortion in females, epididymitis and orchitis in males, arthritis, posterior paralysis, ataxia
• zoonotic (undulant fever), reportable, bioterrorism, agroterrorism
• eradicated from domestic herds in US

• gram negative aerobic coccobacillus of dogs (and other species)
• ingestion, penetration of skin, venereal, inhalation.
• replicates in LN, systemic to uterus, epididymis, LYMPHOID TISSUE.
• abortion in females, epididymitis and orchitis in males, arthritis, posterior paralysis, ataxia, uveitis
• zoonotic (undulant fever), reportable, bioterrorism, agroterrorism

• gram negative FA coccobacillus
• contagious equine metritis (reportable)
• genital commensal of equines
• VD
• Acute endometritis with odorless mucopurulent d/c, transient infertility

• Taylorella equigenitalis
• gram negative FA coccobacillus
• reportable
• genital commensal of equines
• VD
• Acute endometritis with odorless mucopurulent d/c, transient infertility

• small ground gram - bacterium, obligate intracellular of trophoblasts
• Reticulate and elementary bodies, commensal of mm
• abortion in sheep and goats (enzootic abortion of ewes)
• reportable.

• gram + bacillus, FA
• transmission via ingestion.  "silage disease". 
• facilitate own uptake across mucosal epithelium into un-activated macrophages, escape vacuole with membrane-damaging toxin, polymerizes actin with cell surface protein.  REplication within cell causes damage, actin rockets to new cell. Spreads in blood to placenta/fetus.
• abortion in ruminants (placental retention and endometritis)
• zoonotic

• gram + bacillus, FA
• transmission via ingestion.  "silage disease". 
• facilitate own uptake across mucosal epithelium into un-activated macrophages, escape vacuole with membrane-damaging toxin, polymerizes actin with cell surface protein.  REplication within cell causes damage, actin rockets to new cell. Spreads in blood to placenta/fetus.
• abortion in ruminants, mom is fine
• zoonotic

• molliculte, pleiomorphic, stain gram -, no outer membrane or cell wall, cholesterol in membrane
• Commensal of male cattle genital (VD)
• vulvovaginitis, endometritis, infertility

• Pleiomorphic mollicute, stain gram -, no outer membrane or cell wall, cholesterol in membrane.
• COmmensal of male cattle genital tract, VD
• vulvitis

• Pleiomorphic, stain gram -, no outer membrane or cell wall, membrane has cholesterol
• Commensal of mucosa
• mild conjunctivitis in cattle

• gram negative aerobic coccobacillus
• commensal of conjunctivitis, URT of cattle
• transmitted by flies
• Pinkeye (infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis) vs conjunctivitis (watery discharge, blepharospasm).  
• Later, corneal involvement (corneal ulceration, purulent discharge).  UV exacerbates
• adhere via pili, other ocular damage predisposes.  Membrane damaging toxin to kill phagocytes damages corneal epithelium, inflammation exacerbates.

• small round gram - bacterium, oblibgate intracellular.  
• Follicular conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration.  Zoonotic

• fungus, eye infections in horses (mostly)
• Keratmycosis: ulceration of cornea, opaque and vascularized.

moon-blindness with systemic spread of Leptospira serovars (esp pomona).  Deposition of immune complexes