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What makes anesthesia in pigs difficult?
- can't get HR, temp prior to induction (probably can only get RR)
- peripheral arteries and veins are difficult to access (usually use auricular artery)
- can't really palpate pulses
- intubation challenging
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__(2)__ are not very effective in pigs.
alpha-2 agonists and phenothiazines
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Sedation in pigs is most often achieved by ________ route in administration.
IM
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What drugs are commonly used for sedation and/r anesthesia induction in pigs?
- TKX- telazol, ketamine, xylazine mixture (1mL/25kg)
- try not to exceed 3mL total b/c this leads to prolonged recovery
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Describe how we can achieve induction of swine patients for general anesthesia.
- may be achieved with TKX
- may need to be completed by mask or IV injection of ketamine
- IV access achieved through auricular vein
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How is intubation of swine achieved?
- difficult
- neutral positioning of pig, don't extend head too much (makes angle of the laryngotracheal junction more acute)
- avoid ventral laryngeal diverticulum (will stop here and you will cause damage if you try to force it)
- stylette used to facilitate placement and advancement of endotracheal tube
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Describe monitoring of swine during general anesthesia.
- difficult to palpate pulses
- equipment not designed for cone-shaped legs
- doppler place on ventral aspect of tail
- pulse ox on ear
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What is the surgical maintenance fluid rate for swine?
3-5mL/kg/hr
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What do we use for analgesia in swine?
- opioids
- lumbosacral epidural (C section)
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What is porcine stress syndrome?
- [aka malignant hyperthermia]
- due to mutation in one oft he genes that controls calcium metabolism
- signs: hypercapnea, muscle rigidity, rapid rise in temperature, leads to death
- treat with dantrolene
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Describe the recovery of swine from general anesthesia.
- extubation on swallowing or movement
- IV often removed prior to complete recovery after routine procedures (if pig is ill and needs IV treatments, make sure to bandage catheter)
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