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Mature dentin is ___ mineralized inorganic material, ___ organic material and ____ water
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Bone is ____ mineralized and _____ organic, _____ water
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Predentin is a _______ product consisting of _______
- mesenchymal
- nonmineralized collagen fibers
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Unlike cartilage and bone, the odontoblast’s cell body __________ in the matrix but rather ________
- does not become entrapped
- one long cytoplasmic extension remains behind in the dentin
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Apposition of dentin, unlike enamel, occurs
throughout the life of the tooth
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The process of dentin maturation takes place
in two phases
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In the first step of maturation of dentin ________ in the _________ of predentin
- calcium hydroxyapatite crystals form as globules or calcospherules
- collagen fibers
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In the second phase of dentin maturation
Second, new areas of mineralization occur as globules form within the partially mineralized predentin
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Globular dentin is dentin where ________ with _______
- primary and secondary mineralization have occurred
- complete crystalline fusion
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What is interglobular dentin and how does it occur
areas of inadequate mineralization caused by globules failing to fuse during the second phase of mineralization
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_______are the major feature of dentin
Dentinal tubules
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The primary curvature of the dentinal tubule resembles a
large S-shaped curve
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After apposition of predentin and maturation into dentin
the cell bodies of the odontoblasts remain in the pulp
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Similar to enamel, dentin is _______ a nutrition is carried through the ______
- avascular
- dentinal tubules from tissue fluid within the pulp tissue
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Within the dentinal tubule is a space of variable size, containing ________ that carries _______
- dentinal fluid, an odontoblastic process and possibly an afferent axon
- pain messages to the brain
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Dentin that creates the wall of the dentinal tubule is called ______ and is ______ dentin
- peritubular dentin
- highly mineralized
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The dentin that is found between the tubules is called and is ______ and is ______ than peritubular dentin
- intertubular dentin
- less mineralized
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Primary dentin is the dentin formed in a tooth _______
before the completion of the apical foramen of the root
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Primary dentin is noted for its
regular pattern of tubules
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_______ is the first primary dentin deposited adjacent to the _______ and the ________
- Mantle dentin
- enamel in the crown of the tooth
- cementum in the root of the tooth
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Secondary dentin is the dentin that is formed ________ and continues to form ________. It is also formed _____ than primary dentin and less _______
- after the completion of the apical foramen
- throughout the life of the tooth
- slowly
- mineralized
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Reparative or tertiary dentin is dentin formed _____ such as _____
- quickly in localized regions in response to a localized injury
- caries, cavity preparation, attrition or recession
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_______ cells in the area of the pulp move and become new ______
- undifferentiated mesenchymal
- odontoblasts
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A certain type of reparative dentin, ______, can often be found in association with the _______
- sclerotic dentin
- chronic injury of caries
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In sclerotic dentin, the odontoblastic processes
die and leave the dentinal tubules vacant
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_________ in dentin are incremental lines that can be compared to the growth rings or incremental lines of Retzius in the enamel
The imbrication lines of von Ebner
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The imbrication lines show the incremental nature of dentin apposition and run at _______ to the dentinal tubules
right angles
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The contour lines of Owen are a number of
adjoining parallel imbrication lines of von Ebner
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The most pronounced contour line of Owen is the
neonatal line that occurs during the trauma of birth
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Tomes’ granular layer is found in the dentin
just beneath the cementum of the root only
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With increased age, the diameter of the dentinal tubule becomes _______ because of the _______
- more narrowed
- deposition of peritubular dentin
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Also, in about _____% of people, the enamel and cementum do not meet leaving the ________
- 10%
- dentin exposed at the CEJ area
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What is used to treat dental sensitivity
Potassium nitrate
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The pulp of the tooth is _______ tissue
connective
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The pulp is involved in the
support, maintenance and continued formation of dentin
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The only sensation perceived by the brain when the dentin or pulp is injured is
pain
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Pulp also has a ________ for the dentin because the dentin has no blood supply of its own
nutritional function
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What are the three functions of the pulp
- sensory
- nutritional
- protective
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The pulp also has _______ allowing ______ responses
- white blood cells in the vasculature and tissues
- inflammatory and immune responses
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The pulp is contained within the
pulp chamber of the tooth
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The pulp in the pulp chamber has two main divisions, the ______ and the ____ pulp
the coronal pulp and the radicular pulp
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The coronal pulp is located in the crown and smaller extensions into the cusps of posterior teeth form
pulp horns
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The radicular pulp is also called the _______
pulp canal
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Openings in the radicular pulp include the ______ and possibly the _____
apical foramen and possibly accessory canals
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The apical foramen is surrounded by ______ and allows _______ to enter and exit the pulp from the ________
- cementum
- arteries, veins, lymphatics and nerves
- periodontal ligament
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Accessory canals are also called
lateral canals
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_______ are the largest group of cells in the pulp and _____ is the second largest
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Pulp stones or _______ are _______ which may be attached to the _______ or _______
- denticles
- calcified masses of dentin
- dentin wall
- lying freely within the pulp
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What four zones can be identified within the pulp
- odontoblastic layer
- cell-free zone
- cell-rich zone
- and pulpal core
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The zone closest to the dentin is the ______ layer
odontoblastic
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The second zone is the _____ zone which consist of ________ and a ______ and ______ can be found in this zone
- cell-free zone
- fewer cells but is not entirely cell free
- A nerve and capillary plexus
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The third zone is the _____ zone which has a _____
- cell-rich zone
- an increased density of cells
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The final zone is the ________ which is the ______ and contains ______
- pulpal core
- inner-most zone of the pulp
- many cells and an extensive vascular supply
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With increase in age, the pulp undergoes a decrease in _______ as it fills up with more _______
- intercellular substance, water and cells
- collagen fibers
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So, the pulp becomes more ____ with age while at the same time the pulp cavity may be ________ in size by the addition of ______
- fibrotic
- decreased
- secondary or tertiary dentin
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