Biology Review

Biology is the study of

What process do the calls of multicellular organisms undergo that distinguishes them from unicellular organisms?

A major theme of biology is the ability of all organisms to mantain a stable internal inviorment.
this ability is called

Basic unit of life

Heredity information is in the form of a large molecule called

Organisms that obtain their food by making their own food are called

The smallest units that can carry on all the functions of life are called

living things

all organisms are composed of

all living things maintain a balance within their cells and the enviorment through the process of

In most multicellular calls are organized according to their

all living things use energy through a process called

an educated guess or _____ may be tested by an expeirement

Scientific hypothesis are most often tested by the process of

Most scientist begin their investigation by making an

Which of the following objects produces the most highly magnified images

A light microscope that has an objective lens of x 10 and an ocular lens of x 60 has a magnification of

"the boy shot up 5 inches in only one year"

"our cat had a litter of kittens yesterday"

"My dog has become much less clumsy now that he is 1 year old"

"eat a good breakfast and you'll be able to run longer"

"your body normally maintains a temp. of 98.6 degress F"

your mouth watering at the sight of food on a plate

A sudden drop in air temp.

a flu virus entering your body

Getting "butterflies" in your stomach before giving a speech

The recess bell ringing in an elementry school

an apple on a tree

bacteria

a wasp

rust eating a hole in a metal bucket

lightening

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following best describes the difference between an atom and an element?

Which of the following correctly describes an atom

Which of the following statements is true

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compound and a molecule?

Which of the following is the simplest example of a molecule

An example of a compound is

The atomic number of Neon is 10. Therefore, the number of protons in a Neon atom equals

The smallest particle of matter that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is

Which of the following is an example of an atom

The stability of an atom is determined by the

If an atom is made up of 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons, this type of atom is called a(n)

Atoms become more stable when they form compounds because

The maximum number of electrons that can be held in an atom’s first (k) energy level is

All matter in the universe is composed of

One of the kinds of particles found in the nucleus of an atom is the

What is the difference between ionic bonds and covalent bonds?

Sharing of electrons between atoms of two or more elements

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond

If an atom gains or loses electrons it becomes charged, this atom is called a

Which of the following states of matter contain(s) particles that are tightly linked together in a definite shape

The amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to begin is called

In the chemical reaction CO2 H2O ------> H2CO3, what is(are) the reactant(s)?

A reaction in which the reactants have enough free energy to fuel the reaction, this type of reaction is called

Changing the course or pathway of a chemical reaction so that it requires less activation energy

Which of the following best describes a redox reaction

When a molecule gains an electron, it has been

What is an organic compound

What are the 4 main elements that make up 95% of an organism

All organic compounds contain the element

Carbon readily forms how many bonds with other atoms?

Which three elements are often found in organic compounds

Carbon forms many different compounds because carbon

A functional group is

Whenever carbon atoms bond to other carbon atoms they form 3 structural shapes which of the following is not one of the structural shapes formed

In carbon compounds, the molecules are built up from smaller simpler molecules known as

Large polymers linked together are called

What is the difference between a condensation reaction and hydrolysis

A monomer of carbohydrate is called a

Which of the following represents the proper carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen ratios of a six-carbon monosaccharide

Disaccharides are carbohydrates that are

Which of the following is a carbohydrate

Which organic molecule below is classified as a carbohydrate?

Polysaccharides are

A complex molecule composed of 3 or more carbohydrate monomers is called a

Lipids are large, ___________ organic molecules that do not dissolve in water

Fatty acids that are unsaturated have

Lipids are distinguished from other organic molecules because they

All of the following are examples of lipids except

Two amino acids bond to form a

Amino acids are monomers of

Long chains of amnio acids are found in

Amino acids become linked together by what type of bonds

Which of the following best describes the essential function of nucleic acids

DNA & RNA are polymers, composed of thousands of linked monomers called

contains information that is essential for almost all cell activities

Nucleic acids include

The smallest units of life in all living things are

One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that

Which of the following is an example of parokaryotic cell

Only eukaryotic cells have

The cell membrane is described as selectively permeable because the membrane

Surface area is an important factor in limiting cell growth because

Cells remain small because they must keep a

The spherical organelles that are the site of protein synthesis in a cell are the

The fluid portion of the cytoplasm is called the

A particularly active cell might contain large numbers of

In which of the following organelles is a cell’s ATP produced

Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you find that the cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria, but it does have a cell membrane and a cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably from a(n) . Choose the letter of the answer that best completes the sentence

Viruses, bacteria, and old organelles that a cell ingests are broken down in

The process in which cells become restricted to carrying out one or a few functions is called cell

The nucleus of a cell contains all of the following EXCEPT

The organs of an organism can be compared to the ____________ of a cell

Which of the following organisms do not have membrane-covered organelles

What is the most notable feature found in eukaryotic cells but missing in prokaryotic cells

Energy from organic compounds is transferred to ATP in the

Portions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) called ____________ give the ER a rough appearance

To travel from the nucleus to the cytosol, RNA molecules must

Most nuclei contain at least one spherical area called the

In most multicellular organisms, similar cells that perform a single function are grouped together to form

The stomach is

Which of the following statements best describes the process of diffusion

What drives the process of diffusion?

How are osmosis and diffusion related

When would water move into a cell by osmosis

Which of the following statements describes the process of facilitated diffusion

As a result of dffusion, the concentration of many types of substances

Diffusion takes place

The dispersal of ink in a beaker of water is an example of

Which of the following is not characteristic of facilitated diffusion

Which of the following expends energy

The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called

Ridding the cell of material by discharging it from vessicles at the cell surface is called

Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported into the cell by

What is the primary difference between passive transport and active transport

The sodium-potassium pump resembles which other cellular transport method

Which of the following descriptions explains how a sodium-potassium pump works

Which of the following is not example of active transport

The process of taking in large particles or entire cells by pinching off part of the cellular membrane is called

How are endocytosis and exocytosis related

If the concentration of a sugar solution is 1% outside the cell and 5% inside the cell, which of the following will happen by osmosis

Cellular respiration is the

_______________________ is the first step in cellular respiration that begins releasing energy stored in glucose.

If oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by

Glycolysis occurs in the

Since fermentation does not require oxygen it is said to be

Since glycolysis produces 4 ATP molecules, this results in a net gain of ATPs

The name of the process that takes place when organic compounds are broken down in the absence of oxygen is

Muscle cramps occur when muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen, this is caused by

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP

Which of the following is NOT part of cellular respiration

The process of eukaryotic nuclear division is called

The process of nuclear division that reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell by half

The cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides by a process called

During cell division, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is tightly packed and coiled into structures called

Between cell divisions, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is uncoiled and spread out; in this form it is called

One of the first things that happens during mitosis is the

Chromatids are

Sister chromatids are attached to each other at an area called the

At the beginning of cell division, a chromosome consists of two

What is an autosome

Which of the following sex chromosomes would a normal female male have

A typical human cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cell division, each of the 2 new cells formed from the original cell

A diploid cell is one that

The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. The number of chromosomes found in a human ovum (egg) is

Cells spend most of their time in

The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called

A typical human cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cell division, each of the two new cells formed from the original cell

During mitosis, what helps ensure that each new cell receives all of the proper chromosomes

Mitosis is a process by which

The process of cell division results in

The stage of meiosis during which homologues line up along the equator of the cell is called

The difference between anaphase of mitosis and anaphase I of meiosis is that

When crossing over takes place, chromosomes

Crossing-over takes place in

During crossing-over, portions of chromatids

Which of the following human cells is haploid

The cells resulting from meiosis in either males or females are called

How many haploid cells does a single cell that undergoes the complete process of meiosis produce

Where in the human body can you find cells being produced by meiosis

During oogenesis(meiosis in females), how many eggs develop from a diploid reproductive cell

During spermatogenesis(meiosis in males), how many sperm cells develop from a diploid reproductive cell

The area of the cell membrane that pinches in and eventually separates the dividing cell into two cells is called

During meiosis, two successive divisions

The field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring is called

A genetic trait that masks the presence of another trait is called

The "father" of genetics was

Mendel obtained plants that were pure for particular traits by

When Mendel crossed a strain of tall pea plants with a strain of short pea plants, he observed that all of the plants in the F1 generation were tall. This suggests that

A cross between pure green-podded pea plants and pure yellow-podded pea plants
produces only green-podded plants. When the F1 generation is allowed to self-pollinate, the F2 generation consists of

Mendel’s finding that the inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance of another became known as the

The transferring of pollen between plants in called

The transmisson of characteristics from parents to offspring is called

The term denotes plants that are pure for a specific trait

A reproductive process in which fertilization occurs within a single plant is

When Mendel crossed pure green-podded plants with pure yellow-podded plants, the first filial generation had

When Mendel allowed the first filial generation to self-pollinate, he found the offspring had

A recessive trait is

Which of the following best describes the relationship between an allele and a gene

When a pair of factors is separated, during the formation of gamates, this is called the law of

The study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes is called

The principle that states that when both alleles for a gene are expresssed in a heterozygous offspring is the principle of

If red is the dominant phenotype and white is the recessive phenotype, what is the phenotype of an individual with a heterozygous genotype

Which of the following represents an individual that is homozygous dominant for a given trait

If a cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant produces a pink-flowered plant, you can be fairly certain that the pink offspring is the result of

If you were to predict the results of crossing two traits at the same time (a dihybrid cross), you would need to set up a Punnett square with ____________ boxes

An individual heterozygous for a trait and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait are crossed and produce many offspring that are