What are the two most common indications for dental implants
Restoring an edentulous atrophic mandible
Restoring a single missing tooth
What materials are used for Dental Implants
Titanium
Apatite-coated titanium
Metals
Ceramics
Polymers
What is the most common material used in dental implants and what is an advantage
Titanium
Major advantage is that it will osseointegrate with bone - a biologic bonding of bone to the titanium
_______ is another material used in implant that also osseointegrates
Apatite-coated titanium
What are the three types of dental implants
A.Endosseous or tooth-form implants
B.Transosseous or staple implants
C.Subperiosteal implants
What type of implant is the most common
Endosseous or tooth-form implants
Describe the Endosseous or tooth-form implants
Screwed or pressed into a hole made in the mandible or maxilla
Describe the Transosseous or staple implants
used to stabilize mandibular dentures. A plate under the anterior mandible and several bolts through the mandible extend through the bone and gingiva into the oral cavity.
No longer used
Where are subperiosteal implants used
used to stabilize a mandibular denture. Placed on the bone below the periosteum.
No longer used
Osseointegration
attachment of bone molecules, fibers, cells, and tissues to the implant
For Osseointegration of dental implants what two properties are essential
Tissue compatibility
Interface with bone
Biologic or perimucosal seal is an ________ that _________
attachment of epithelial cells to the implant
forms a barrier preventing microorganisms entrance to supporting tissues
What are three properties essential for the placement of Endosseous Dental Implants
Surgical technique is critical to success
Don’t overheat the bone – will decrease ability to osseointegrate
Adequate bone is necessary to support the implant under occlusal load
What are the steps to the two-stage implant placement procedures
1. one surgery is to place the implant and cover it completely. Leave it covered for osseointegration to occur.
-There is no occlusal load and it’s protected from microorganisms
2. second surgery uncovers the implant and places a “healing cap”, allowing epithelial tissue to form around it
Single – Stage Implant Procedure is ________ used and can be described as the ______
widely
implant is surgically placed along with the healing cap extending through the tissue into the mouth
The last phase of implants is the ______ phase where the _______
Prosthodontic
Healing cap is removed and the abutment is placed on to the implant
The abutment is held into the implant by a ________ which is tightened to a specific amount of _______
screw (the abutment screw)
torque
________ is critical to osseointegration and maintaining the bone afterwards
Occlusion
In a critical _________, a temporary abutment, along with an ideally shaped temporary crown may be placed at the same time that the implant is placed
esthetic zone (anterior),
What are the four uses of implants
Restorative dentistry
Maxillofacial prostheses
Orthodontic uses
Orthopedic devices – titanium orthopedic devises (ex. hips, knees) use osseointegration for fixation