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Biog 2: Species Interactions (11)
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Diff. between fundamental and realized niche?
Competition
Mutualism:
two organisms benefit from each other's existence
Ex. Scarlet Honeycreeper with flowers that shape its beak
Commensualism:
1 organism benefits, other doesnt receive negatives
Ex. Great White and Ramora
Competition:
mutually negative interaction where fitness is reduced because of the presence of another organism
Intraspecific Competition:
between members of same species- going for same resources in an ecosystem
Interspecific Competition:
between different species- competition for resources
Koala eats:
poisonous baby eucalyptus plant
Carrying Capactity:
"K"
equilibrium point of birth and death rate
Interference Competition:
organisms compete with others attempting to forage, reproduce, or establish in a habitat
*this is an important mechanism for plants
: Ex. Black walnut tree- produce jugalone chemical- natural herbicide
Resource Exploitation:
when individuals interfere indirectly by consuming scarce resources (now less available for others)
Gause's Principle:
** Competitive Exclusion Principle- complete competitors cannot coexist. They
must
differ in their use of resources in some way.
Tested with microbes?
Niche/resource partitioning:
living generally the same, but slightly different- ex: owls eat at night, hawks at day
Predation:
where predator feeds on prey
Generalist:
wide range of environmental tolerance
Euryphagous (organisms):
broad range of food choice
not tied to single location
may not eat food that is very nutritious
need lots of territory and food to survive
Ex. bear- would run out of resources if not euryphagous
Specialist:
narrow range of environmental tolerance
Stenophagous (organisms):
narrow range of food choice
choose best food
get high return on energy investment
limited competition
difficulty finding food
Predation can regulate...:
ecosystems via top-down trophic relationships
Trophic cascades
cascading disruptions that pass between trophic lvls
Trophic levels:
different categories of interrelated organisms in the hierarchy of energy transfer within an ecosystem
Keystone species:
species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance
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Author
Nordy911
ID
325407
Card Set
Biog 2: Species Interactions (11)
Description
biog
Updated
2016-11-07T03:37:05Z
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