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Sampler- history
- Signs and symptoms
- Allergies
- Medications
- Pertinent past medical history
- Last oral intake
- Events leading up to this illness or injury
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March- initial assessment
- Massive hemorrhage
- Airway
- Respiration
- Circulation
- Hypothermia/ help move
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Water source are expectable
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AMS- how to diagnosis (symptoms)
- HAH plus:
- GI symptoms
- Insomnia
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
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HAH- how to diagnosis
- Mild to moderate headache
- Bilateral or frontotemporal
- Dull or pressing
- Aggravated by cough
- Starts within 24 hrs of ascent
- Resolves within 8hrs of decent/ 24 at elev
- Treatment: any HA med, rest fluids PO, O2
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How to reduces AMS incident
Staged ascent 1,000 ft day above 10k ft
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Mange AMS in the field
- Symptomatic treatment
- Medication- Acetazolamide, dexamethasone, oxygen
- Evaluated for HAPE and HACE
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5 golden rules of AMS
- AMS until proven otherwise
- Do not ascend with AMS
- Descend if AMS is severe, or not improving
- Never let descend alone
- Red hats Corpsmen. Even if the been in that elev previously can get it.
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HACE- symptoms and treatments
- Encephalopathy
- Ataxia
- Confusion
- Drowsiness
- Nerve palsy
- Seizures
- Hemiplegia
- Paralysis
- Hallucinations
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Dyspnea-
difficult or labored breathing.
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Frostbite 1 degree
- Pain
- Erythematic/ white to yellowish/edema skin will be pliable but rubbery
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Frostbite 2 degree
- Numbness/ no sensation
- Superficial blisters with clear or milky fluid erythema and edema surrounding blisters
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Frostbite 3 degree
- No sensation
- Deeper blisters characterized by being filled with sanguineous (bloody) fluid
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Frostbite 4 degree
- No sensation
- Injury that extends through the skin into muscle and bone, leads to mummification
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Trench foot- physiology
It is a process of ling lasting vasoconstriction causing nerve damage.
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Risk factor for developing hypothermia
- Increased heat loss
- Decreased head production
- Impaired regulation
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Treating hypothermia-
- Mild: shivering, remove wet clothing, insulate, encourage warm drinks
- Moderate: handle gently, evac, horizontal postion, NPO, O2, IVF warm
- Severe: feel for pulse
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Afterdrop
A continual drop in body temp after removal from cold. A process of chilled blood from the periphery returning to the body core as peripheral circulation improves.
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Phase of cold water immersion
- 1st- cold shock and dive response
- Rapid skin cooling. Cardiac arrhythmia
- 2nd-cold incapacitation
- Loss of motor control, panic exhaustion
- 3rd-onset hypothermia
- Lasts more than an hour unconsciousness
- 4th-circumrescue collapse
- Afterdrop hypothermia
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Nutrition- caloric intake and what portions
Carbohydrates 55-65%
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treatment of heat injuries
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When treat frostbite in the field
- Prevent further exposure
- Immediately evaluate for hypothermia
- Remove wet or constrictive clothing
- Rewarm superficial frostbite
- Frostbite extensive and hypothermic evac
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When not treat frostbite in the field
- During evacuation
- Must walk for treatment
- Due not re warm with Open flame
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Pathophysiology- predocs undressing
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Giardia-
- Explosive diarrhea, cramps, foul gas, vomiting, fever and malaise for 3-4 days.
- Treatment tindamaxTM 2grams/ Metronidazole 250 mg.
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RLQ right lower quadrant-
- males -pancreatitis, appendicitis, stomach ulcer, inflammatory, bowel disease
- females- ectopic pregnancy
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open air way
- head tilt/chin lift
- jaw thrust if spinal cord injury
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how to treat abdominal injuries
transport to higher echelon of care
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abdominal injuries (Penetrating)
can help to identify possible injured organs
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Signs of internal bleeding
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Neurological symptoms concerning for spinal injuries
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spinal injuries whats more like to get injured
cervical, lumbar.
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skull fracture.
Direct pressure soft bulky dressing
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Concussion
Slowness, memory, loss of balance, tiredness, photosensitivity
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How to dress wounds in field environment
MARCH
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Principles of splitting
- Reduces pain and bleeding
- Too lose no help
- Too tight neurovascular compromise
- Immobilize join above and below
- Remove watches rings
- Rigid sam, sticks, ski poles etc
- Padded
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How to treat burns
- Nonstick dressing
- Prevent moisture
- Prevent body heat loss
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Definition hypovolemic shock
It is a condition that occurs when you lose more than one-fifth of your bodys blood.
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Dosage of epie pen and how to use it
.3 mg thigh or shoulder
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Physical signs nemo thoraces
collapsed lung
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Physical signs attention thoraces-
pressure in chest
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Local and generalize allergic reactions.
- Generalized: itchy, headache, runny nose.
- Local: skin, respiratory, cardiac
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Anaphylactic shock defines
Severe, life threating allergic reaction
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Carbon monoxide poisoning prevention, treatment
- ?
- Cavities in the body where you will bleed out
- ?
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Needle d locations
2 inch from nipple.
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Lightning strike that cause death
Direct
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Lightning strike treatment
- cspine
- Internal injury
- Treat what you see
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Types of lightning strikes
- Direct strike
- Splash
- Step voltage
- Contact strike
- Upward stream current
- Blunt trauma
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How to treat overuse injuries
RICEHA
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