-
The lymphatic vessels are a system of
channels that parallel the venous blood vessels yet are more numerous
-
Tissue fluid drains from the surrounding region into
the lymphatic vessels as lymph
-
The lymph nodes are
bean-shaped bodies grouped in clusters along the connecting lymphatic vessels
-
Positioned ________, the lymph nodes _______
- beside the lymphatic vessels
- filter toxic products from the lymph to prevent their entry into the vascular system
-
lymph nodes are part of the ______ system, which is part of the ______ that includes the _____
- lymphatic
- immune system
- thymus and spleen
-
The lymph nodes are composed of _______ and contain ________ which they are also ______
- organized lymphoid tissue
- lymphocytes
- involved in producing
-
In healthy patients, lymph nodes are usually
small, soft, and free or mobile in the surrounding tissue
-
The lymph flows into the lymph node by way of
afferent vessels
-
On one side of the node is a depression or ____, where the lymph _______by way of a single _______
- hilus
- flows out of the node
- efferent vessel
-
Lymph from a particular region first drains into a _______
primary node (regional node or master node).
-
Primary nodes, in turn, drain into a
secondary node (central node).
-
Tonsils consist of
masses of lymphoid tissue located in the oral cavity and pharynx
-
In the outer tissue of the body, smaller lymphatic vessels containing lymph converge into ________, which empty into the _______
- larger lymphatic ducts
- venous system of the blood in the thorax (chest area).
-
However, the final drainage endpoint of the lymphatic vessels into the lymphatic ducts depends on
which side of the body is involved
-
The lymphatic system of the right side of the head and neck converges by way of the _______, joining the lymphatic system from the _______to form the _____, which drains into the venous component at the junction of the _______
- right jugular trunk
- right arm and thorax (chest)
- right lymphatic duct
- right subclavian and right internal jugular veins
-
The lymphatic vessels of the left side of the head and neck converge into the ______, actually a short vessel, and then into the ________, which joins the venous component at the junction of the _______
- left jugular trunk
- thoracic duct
- left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
-
The thoracic duct is _______ than the right lymphatic duct because it ________
- much larger
- drains the lymph from the entire lower half of the body
-
lymphadenopathy
increase in size and change in consistency of the lymphoid tissue
-
lymphadenitis commonly occurs with
microbial infections, such as with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes infections locally with tonsillar or oral abscesses as well as systemically with mononucleosis or HIV infections
-
Infectious mononucleosis is caused by the
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
-
metastasis
Spread of cancer from the original or primary site to another or secondary site
-
Five groups of paired superficial lymph nodes that are located in the head and all drain into the deep cervical nodes.
- occipital
- posterior auricular
- anterior auricular
- superficial parotid
- facial
-
The ______ lymph nodes are approximately 1 to 3 in number
- occipital
- posterior auricular
- anterior auricular
-
The posterior auricular nodes are located
where the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle inserts on the mastoid process
-
The anterior auricular lymph nodes are located
immediately anterior to each tragus
-
The superficial parotid lymph nodes are located ______
just superficial to each parotid salivary gland
-
The posterior auricular, anterior auricular, and superficial parotid nodes drain the
external ear, lacrimal gland, and adjacent regions of the scalp and face.
-
The facial lymph nodes are located ______
along the facial vein
-
What are the four subgroups of the facial lymph nodes
- the malar
- nasolabial
- buccal
- and mandibular
-
malar lymph nodes are located in the
infraorbital region
-
buccal lymph nodes are located
around the labial commissure and just superficial to the buccinator muscle
-
deep nodes of the face include the
deep parotid and retropharyngeal lymph nodes
-
The deep parotid lymph nodes drain the _______
middle ear, auditory tube, and parotid salivary gland
-
The four groups of superficial cervical lymph nodes include
- submental
- submandibular
- external jugular
- anterior jugular
-
The submandibular lymph nodes are located at ________
the inferior border of the mandibular ramus, just superficial to the submandibular salivary gland
-
The submandibular nodes are the primary nodes for ______ except _______ in the and _______ in the
- The submandibular nodes are the primary nodes for
- the maxillary third molars (superior deep cervical nodes)
- mandibular incisors (submental nodes)
-
The deep cervical lymph nodes are located along the
length of the internal jugular vein
-
The deep cervical nodes can be divided into two groups where
the omohyoid muscle crosses the internal jugular vein
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