-
The vascular system of the head and neck consists of an
- arterial blood supply
- capillary network
- venous drainage
-
Each artery starts as a large vessel and branches into an
arteriole
-
Each arteriole branches into a network of
capillaries
-
A vein travels
to the heart and carries blood
-
Valves in the veins are ________ in the head and neck which can lead to ______
- almost absent
- serious complications from facial and dental infections
-
Plexus
A large network of blood vessels
-
Blood vessels communicate with each other by an _______ which is a _______
- anastomosis
- connecting channel among the vessels
-
Venous sinuses are
blood-filled spaces between two layers of tissue
-
The major arteries that supply the head and neck include the ______ and ______. The origins of these two arteries are ______
- common carotid and subclavian arteries
- different depending on the side of the body
-
For the left side of the body, the common carotid and subclavian arteries arise directly from the
aorta
-
For the right side of the body, the common carotid and subclavian arteries are ______ which is a ________ from the aorta
- both branches from the brachiocephalic artery
- direct branch
-
The common carotid artery ends by dividing into the ____ and ______ at about the level of the ______
- internal and external carotid arteries
- larynx
-
Just before the common carotid artery bifurcates it exhibits a swelling called the
carotid sinus
-
The subclavian artery arises ______ to the common carotid artery
lateral
-
The internal carotid artery is the source of the ______ , which supplies the _____, _____ and _____
- ophthalmic artery
- eye, orbit and lacrimal gland
-
As with the internal carotid artery, the external carotid artery begins _____ and supplies the ______
- at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage
- extracranial tissue of the head and neck, including the oral cavity
-
The external carotid artery has four sets of branches called the
- anterior branches
- medial branches
- posterior branches
- terminal branches
-
There are three anterior branches from the external carotid artery:
- the superior thyroid
- the lingual
- the facial branches
-
Superior thyroid artery has branches that supply the
infrahyoid muscles, the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the muscles of the larynx, and the thyroid gland
-
The lingual artery travels _______ to the ________ and supplies the ______ and the _______
- anteriorly
- apex of the tongue
- suprahyoid muscles and floor of the mouth
-
The sublingual artery is a branch off the ______ that supplies the _____
- lingual artery
- the mylohyoid muscle, sublingual salivary gland, and mucous membranes of the floor of the mouth
-
The facial or _______ sometimes ______ with the lingual artery
- external maxillary artery
- share a common trunk
-
Describe the direction of the facial artery
The facial artery runs over the sublingual gland and then over the lateral border of mandible (can palpate the notch) and up past corner of mouth to the medial canthus of the eye
-
The only medial branch of the external carotid artery
ascending pharyngeal artery
-
The small branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery supply the
pharyngeal walls, soft palate, and meninges
-
What are the two posterior branches of the external carotid artery
occipital and posterior auricular
-
Describe the direction of the occipital artery
passes superiorly just deep to the ascending ramus of the mandible and then travels to the posterior part of the scalp
-
The posterior auricular artery supplies the
internal ear and the mastoid air cells
-
The two terminal branches of the external carotid artery include the
superficial temporal and maxillary
-
The superficial temporal artery arises within the
parotid salivary gland
-
The superficial temporal artery has several branches including the
transverse facial artery, the middle temporal artery, the frontal branch, and the parietal branch
-
The small transverse facial artery supplies the
parotid salivary gland duct and nearby facial tissue
-
The equally small middle temporal artery supplies
the temporalis muscle
-
-
The maxillary artery or internal maxillary artery has _____ parts
three
-
The first part (or mandibular part) of the maxillary artery begins
at the neck of the mandibular condyle within the parotid salivary gland
-
The second part of the maxillary artery gives rise to many branches within the
infratemporal fossa
-
The branches of the second part (or pterygoid part) within the infratemporal fossa include the
middle meningeal and inferior alveolar arteries and several arteries to muscles
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