-
Nurses identify ____ and plans strategies that can correct the problems.
Expected outcome
-
What are patient-oriented goals that are derived from nursing diagnoses?
Expected Outcomes
-
For long-term dietary interventions, a care plan must take into consideration what 3 factors for a patient?
- Person's current food practices
- Lifestyle
- Degree of motivation
-
The following approaches may be helpful in implementing long-term dietary changes:
- Determine the individual's readiness for change
- Emphasize what to eat, rather than what to restrict
- Suggest only one or two changes at a time
-
A nutritional education must be tailored to a person's ___, ____,and ____ background
- Level of literacy
- Person's age
- Cultural
-
For follow-up care on dietary interventions, one must follow-up ____ to evaluate the effectiveness of the nutrition care plan
Periodically
-
What is a diet that includes all foods and meets the nutrient needs of healthy people; may also be called standard diet, general diet, normal diet, or house diet?
Regular diet
-
What is a diet that contains foods altered in texture, consistency, or nutrient content or that includes or omits specific foods; may also be called a therapeutic diet?
Modified Diet
-
What is a procedure that estimates energy expenditures by measuring oxygen and carbon dioxide production?
Indirect calorimetry
-
A quick method for estimating a person's estimated energy needs is to
____ X ____=Estimated Energy Needs
- Body Weight
- Factor considered appropriate for the medical condition
-
What is the medical term for impaired swallowing?
Dysphagia
-
In critical care patients, energy needs may be considerably higher than normal due to ____, ____, ____, or ____.
- Fever
- Mechanical ventilation
- Restlessness
- Presence of open wounds
-
Individuals who have a difficulty chewing or swallowing may benefit from ____ diet.
Mechanically Altered
-
Under mechanically altered diets,
What diet is mostly pureed foods?
Pureed Diet
-
Under mechanically altered diets,
What diet is mostly ground or minced foods?
Ground-minced diet or Mechanically altered diet
-
Under mechanically altered diet,
Which diet consists of moist, soft-textured foods that easily form a bolus?
Soft food diet
-
What diet is recommended following oral or facial surgeries?
Blenderized Liquid Diet
-
What diet is recommended before some GI interventions, after GI Interventions, and after fasting or intravenous feeding?
Clear liquid diet
-
Fat-restricting diet: Limit dietary fat to low ( ___g/day) or very low (____g/day)intakes.
-
Low-fiber diets limits dietary ____; degree of restriction depends on the patient's ____ and ____ for restrictions.
-
Low sodium diet limits dietary ____; degree of restriction depends on ____ and disease ____.
-
High-Kcal, High protein diet contains food that are Kcal and protein _____.
Dense
-
What diet is used for patients with certain malabsorptive disorders or symptoms of diarrhea, flatuence, or steatorrhea(fecal fat)?
Fat-restricting
-
What diet is used for acute phases of intestinal disorders or to reduce fecal output before surgery?
Low-Fiber diet
-
What diet is not recommended for long term use because it is associated with constipation and other problems?
Low-fiber diet
-
Concerning Low-fiber diets,
If required, even greater reductions in colonic residue can be achieved by . . .
Excluding foods high in resistant starch
-
What type of diet is recommended for patients dealing with cancer, AIDS, burns, trauma, and/or other burdensome conditions?
High-Kcal, High-Protein
-
What diet is recommended to reverse malnutrition, improve nutritional status, or promote weight gain?
High-kcal, High-protein Diet
-
What diet is recommended for treating hypertension, heart conditions, renal disease, or liver disease?
Low-Sodium Diet
-
Who can give an NPO order?
Doctor
-
Concering diet progression, the patient would be given ____ initially, and then gradually be provided with other ____ or _____ foods.
- Clear beverages
- Beverages
- Solid
-
The order "NPO" is commonly used during certain _____ illnesses or _____ tests involving GI tract.
-
Alternative feeding routes include . . .
- Tube Feeding
- Parental Nutrition
-
Alternative feeding routes are used if the patient's nutrition needs are high or their ____ is poor.
Appetite
-
What is defined as a change in diet as a patient;s tolerances permit?
Diet progression
-
When should parental nutrition be considered?
If the patient is malnourished and the GI tract cannot be supplied for a significant amount of time.
-
What is defined as a resource that specifics food and preparation methods to include in or exclude from modified diets and provides sample diets?
Diet manual
-
Most hospital provide their own _____ from which patients can select their meals.
Selective menus
-
For food safety, ___________ is a system of food or formula preparation that identifies food safety hazards and critical control points during foodservice procedures.
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points(HACCP)
-
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points(HACCP) is system or formula preparation that identify food _________ and critical ____ points during food service procedures.
-
If the patient;s appetite or sense of taste is affected by illness, the patient might be asked to . . .
Identify foods that are most enjoyable.
-
Medication class used to treat nausea/vomiting and improve food intake.
Anitemetics
-
The medications that most often cause nutrient malabsorption are those that either . . .
Upset the GI tract or damage the intestinal mucosa
-
Medication class that is used to treat cancer.
Antieoplastic Drugs
-
Medication classes used to treat retroviral infections?
Antiretroviral drugs
-
Bile acid binders(Such as cholestyramine or Questran) are used to reduce _________ levels, may bind to _______ vitamins.
- Blood cholesterol
- Fat-soluble
-
Some antibotics, notably tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, bind to ____ in foods and supplements, reducing the absorption.
Calcium
-
Medications that reue stomach acidity can impair the absorption of vitamin ____, ____, and iron.
-
The anti-inflammatory medication colchicine, a treatment for _____, inhibits vitamin ___ absorption.
-
Slow stomach emptying can sometimes ____ drug absorption because the drug's absorption sites in the small intestine are less likely to become _____.
-
Stomach _____ affects the absorption of medication.
Acidity
-
Drugs reach the small intestine more quickly when the stomach is _____.
Empty
-
High-____ meals can decrease the absorption of some tricyclic antidepressants.
Fiber
-
Medication classes used to treat seizures.
Anticonvulsants
-
Compounds in _____ juice have been found to inhibit or inactivate enzymes that metabolize a number of different drugs. Leading to a stronger blood concentration of the drug in the body; can be fatal
Grapefruit
-
Warfarin acts by blocking the enzyme that activate vitamin __.
K
-
Duiretics increase the loss of ____, _____, magnesium, and thiamin.
-
Inadequate excretion of medication can cause ____, whereas excessive losses may reduce the amount available for therapeutic effect.
Toxicity
-
Quinidine, used to treat ____, is excreted more readily in acidic urine.
Arrhythmias
-
The combination of tyramine, a food component, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MOIs), which treat depression and ____ disease, can be ____.
-
What are some common foods that are high in tyramine?
- Aged cheese
- Aged or cured meats
- BEER
- Fermented vegetables
- Fish or shrimp
- Prepared soy foods
- Soy sauce
- Yeast extracts
-
Methotrexate, which treats cancer, act by interfering with ____ metabolism. and thus depriving rapidly dividing cancer cells of the ____they need to multiple.
-
What drug resemble folate in structure and competes with it?
Methotrexate (for canzer)
-
Taking methotrexate, can cause folate deficiency symptoms, which can be treated with a pre-activated form of folate (called _____)
Leucovorin
-
Medication used to treat tuberculosis
Isoniazid
-
Isoniazid is an anti-_____ drug that inhibits the conversion of vitamin __to its coenzyme form which is involved with ________ synthesis.
- Bacterial
- B6
- Neurotransmitter
-
Hospital patients who lack appetite at meal times may need ____ to consume adequate amounts of foods.
Encouragement.
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