-
Correcting nutritional problems, however, may improve both short-term and long-term outcomes of medical treatments and help prevent . . .
Complications
-
_______ and their ______ may lead to malnutrition by causing a reduction in food intake, interfering with digestion and absorption, or altering nutrient metabolism and excretion.
-
Illnesses and their treatments may lead to malnutrition by causing a ____ in food intake, interfering with ____ and ____, or altering nutrient ____ and excretion.
- reduction
- digestion
- absorption
- metabolism
-
Anorexia due to illness can affect nutrition status by . . .
Reduced Food intake
-
Nausea and vomiting can affect nutrition status by . . .
Reduced Food intake
-
Pain with eating can affect nutrition status by . . .
Reduced Food intake
-
Mouth ulcers or wounds; difficulty chewing or swallowing can affect nutrition status by . . .
Reduced food intake
-
Depression or psychological stress can affect nutrition status by . . .
Reduced food intake
-
Inability to feed oneself can affect nutrition status by . . .
Reduced Food intake
-
Inflammation associated with bowel conditions can affect nutrition status by . . .
Impaired digestion and absorption
-
Insufficient secretion of digestive enzymes or bile salts can affect nutrition status by . . .
Impaired digestion and absorption
-
Altered structure or function of intestinal mucosa can affect nutrition status by . . .
Impaired digestion and absorption
-
Elevated metabolic rate can affect nutrition status by . . .
Altering nutrient metabolism and excretion
-
Muscle wasting can affect nutrition status by . . .
Altering nutrient metabolism and excretion
-
Changes in hydration can affect nutrition status by . . .
Altering nutrition metabolism and excretions
-
Prolonged immobilization can affect nutrition status by . . .
Altering nutrition metabolism and exertions
-
Nutrient losses due to excessive bleeding, diarrhea, or frequent urination can affect nutrition status by . . .
Altering nutrition metabolism and excretions
-
Chemotherapy can affect nutrient status by . . .
Altering nutrition metabolism and excretions
-
Use of diuretics(increase urination and nutrient excretions) can affect nutrient status by . . .
Altering nutrient metabolism and excretions
-
Side effects of other medication ( can affect nutrient function) can affect nutrient status by . . .
Altering nutrient metabolism and excretions
-
Radiation therapy can affect nutrient status by . . .
Impaired digestion and absorption
-
Side effects of medications on gastrointestinal tract structure or function can affect nutrition status by . . .
Impairing digestion and absorption
-
Gastrointestinal surgeries affect the nutrient status by . . .
Impairing digestion and absorption
-
Restrictive diets can affect nutrient status by . . .
Reduced food intake
-
Bowel rest can affect nutrient status by . . .
Reduced food intake
-
Surgical resection of head, neck, mouth, or esophagus can affect nutrient status by . . .
reducing food intake
-
Preparation for surgery or diagnostic tests can affect nutrient status by . . .
reduced food intake
-
Surgical wounds and side effects of drugs( which cause anorexia or gastrointestinal distress) can affect nutrient status by . . .
Reduced food intake
-
What is loss of appetite?
Anorexia
-
Prolonged bed rest often results in . . .
Bed sores
-
Prolonged bed rest often results in bed sores, which increase ____ and raise ____ and ____ needs.
- Metabolic stress
- Protein
- Energy
-
What are clinical pathways?
Coordinated programs of treatment that merge with the care plans of other health practitioners.
-
Care pathways, care maps, or critical pathways are interchangeable terms for . . .
Clinical pathways
-
Who is responsible for meeting all of the patient's medical needs, including nutrition?
Physician
-
Who can prescribe diet orders and other instructions related to nutrition care, including referrals?
Physicians
-
What are specific instructions regarding dietary management?
Diet orders
-
The terms diet prescriptions or nutrient prescriptions are interchangeable with the term . . .
Diet orders
-
What health professional has an ideal position to identify people who would benefit from nutrient services?
Nurses
-
Who on the nutrition support team records a patient's food intake, answers questions about special diets, and is responsible for administering inter-venous and tube feedings?
Nurses
-
Who is responsible for administering inter-venous and tube feedings
Nurses
-
In facilities that do not employ registered dietitians, ____ often assume responsibility for much of the nutrition care.
Nurses
-
Who on the nutrition support team is called a food and nutrition expert who is qualified to provide medical nutrition therapy?
Registered dietitians(registered dietitian nutritionists)
-
Registered dietitians may conduct ____ and ____ assessments; diagnose nutrition problems; plan and approve ____; and provide dietary ____ and nutrition ____ services.
- Nutrition
- Dietary
- Menus
- Counseling
- Educational
-
Who on the nutrition support team can manage food and cafeteria services in health care institutions?
Registered dietitians(registered dietitians nutritionists)
-
Who can develop, implement, and evaluate nutrition care plans?
Registered dietitians (registered dietitians nutritionists)
-
What are strategies for meeting an individuals nutritional needs?
Nutrition care plans
-
Who on the nutrition support team often works in partnership with registered dietitians?
Registered dietitian technicians
-
The ability to work independently and on various assignments depends on the ____ and ____ of the registered dietitian technician.
-
Dietetic technicians sometimes ____ food service operations.
Supervise
-
Within what time frame should a nutrition screening by conducted?
Within 24 hrs of the patients admission.
-
What is used to identify patients who are malnourished or at risk for malnutrition?
Nutrition Screening
-
A nutrition screening involves collecting health related data that can indicate the presence of _____ or other nutrition problems.
Protein-energy malnutrition
-
What is protein-energy malnutrition?
A state of malnutrition characterized by depletion of tissue protein and energy stores.
Usually accompanied by micro-nutrient deficiencies.
-
Term used for clinical judgments about actual or potential health problems that provide the basis for selecting appropriate nursing interventions.
Nursing diagnoses
-
A nutrition screening must be simple enough to complete within ____ to ____ minutes.
-
Information collected on nutrition screenings vary due to . . .
- Patient population
- Type of care offered by facility
- Patient's medical problem
-
One example of a nutrition screening is the Subjective . . .
Global Assessment
-
What process is used by dietitians to address nutritional concerns?
The nutrition Care process
-
Registered Dietitians use a systemic approach to medical nutrition therapy call the . . .
Nutrition care process
-
What is a systemic approach used by dietetics professionals to evaluate and treat nutrient-related problems?
Nutrition Care Process
-
What are the 4 steps in the nutrition care process?
- Nutrition Assessment
- Nutrition Diagnosis
- Nutrition Intervention
- Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation
-
Each nutrition problem identified by the nutrition assessment receives a separate . . .
Diagnosis
-
Each nutrition problem identified by the nutrition assessment receives a separate ____, which is formatted as a PES statement.
What does PES stand for
- Specific Problem
- Etiology or cause
- Signs and symptoms that provide evidence of the problem
-
Like nursing diagnoses, a nutrition diagnosis can ____ the course of an illness.
Change
-
The Nutrition Care Process:
Step 3:
A nutrition intervention may include ____ or ____ about appropriate dietary and lifestyle practices, a change in ____ or other treatments, or ____ in the meals or services offered to a hospital patient.
- Counseling
- Education
- Medication
- Adjustments
-
The Nutrition Care Process:
Step 3:
To be successful, the intervention should take into consideration the individual's food ____, ____, and other ____.
- Habits
- Lifestyle
- Personal factors
-
The Nutrition Care Process:
Step 4:
Sometimes a new situation ____ nutritional needs.
If progress is slow or a patient is unable to make the suggested changes the care plan should be redesigned and take into consideration . . .
- Alters
- The reasons why the earlier plan was not successful.
-
The nutritional assessment is ____ information that provides valuable clues about the patient's nutritional status and requirements.
Historical
-
Historical information; nutrition assessment, can also reveal ___ of the patient. Information can be obtained from . . .
- Personal preferences
- The medical record or by interviewing the patient or care giver
-
Who can you interview to get a good nutrition assessment?
The patient or the caregiver
-
____ and their ____ can alter food intake and nutrient needs, leading to malnutrition. In turn, poor nutrition status can influence the course of illness and reduce the ____ of medical treatments.
- Illness
- Treatment
- Effectiveness
-
____ identify individuals who can benefit from nutrition assessment and follow-up nutrition care. ____ can also identify potential nutrition problems.
- Nutrition Screening
- Nursing Diagnosis
-
The nursing process, which is the approach used to provide nursing care, consist of . . .
What are the 5 steps?
- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Planning
- Intervention
- Evaluation
-
Historical Information used in nutrition assessment:
The following fall under what category:
Age, Past medical problems,surgical history, family medical history, and ongoing medical treatments.
Medical History
-
Historical Information used in nutrition assessment:
The following fall under what category:
Current complaints
Chronic Disease risk
Mental/emotional health status
Medical History
-
Historical Information used in nutrition assessment:
The following fall under what category:
Prescription drugs
OTC drugs
Medication and Supplement History
-
Historical Information used in nutrition assessment:
The following fall under what category:
Dietary and herbal supplements
Medical and Supplement History
-
Historical Information used in nutrition assessment:
The following fall under what category:
Cognitive abilities
Cultural/ethnic identity
Educational level
Employment Status
Personal and social history
-
Historical Information used in nutrition assessment:
The following fall under what category:
Home/family situation
Religious beliefs
Socioeconomic status
Use of tobacco, alcohol, or illegal drugs
Personal and Social History
-
Historical Information used in nutrition assessment:
The following fall under what category:
Food intake
Food availability
Recent weight changes
Food allergies or intolerances
Food and Nutritional History
-
Historical Information used in nutrition assessment:
The following fall under what category:
Dietary Restrictions
Nutrition and health knowledge
Physical activity level and exercise habits
Food and nutrition history
-
Historical Information used in nutrition assessment:
Medication and Supplement History:
Various drugs, food components, and dietary supplements can alter the . . .
Absorption and metabolism of drugs
-
Historical Information used in nutrition assessment:
Personal and Social History:
Use of alcohol, tobacco, and street drugs may alter ____ or have . . .
- Food intake
- Disruptive effects on health and nutrition status
-
Historical Information used in nutrition assessment:
What is a detailed account of a person's dietary practices?
Food and Nutrition History
-
Historical Information used in nutrition assessment:
In taking down a patient's Food and Nutrition History, the procedure often includes an ____ about recent food Intake (i.e. 24-hour ____) and a ____ about usual food choices (i.e. ____ questionnaire)
- Interview
- Dietary Recall
- Survey
- Food frequency
-
In a hospital setting, ____ observation of patients' food intake is helpful.
Direct
-
For dietary assessment, the best results are achieved, how?
By using a combination of approaches
-
24 hr Dietary Recall for Food and Nutrition History includes question about . . .
- Times foods were consumed within 24 hrs
- Amounts consumed
- Method of preparation
-
Weaknesses of the 24 hr. dietary recall for Food and Nutrition History
- Relies on memory
- Underestimation of portions
- One day record cannot fully account diet
- Seasonal changes not noted
- Patient may choose to omit embarrassing food choices
-
Under the 24 hr. dietary recall for Food and Nutrition History,
The multiple-pass method includes
_-_ separate passes through the 24 hour time period.
The entire process can be conducted in about __ to __ minutes.
-
Under the 24 hr. dietary recall for Food and Nutrition History,
The multiple-pass method:
Describe the passes.
1st: A "quick list" of foods consumed w/o prompts by the interviewer
2nd: Help the respondent remember foods often forgotten; i.e. beverages, bread, or snacks
3rd & 4th: Elicits additional details about foods consumed; i.e. amounts, prep. methods, and places obtained
5th: Final recall opportunity.
-
Under the 24 hr. dietary recall for Food and Nutrition History,
The multiple-pass method: The interviewer can ask whether the intake that day is fairly typical and, if not how does it vary from ____ intake.
Usual
-
Under the 24 hr. dietary recall for Food and Nutrition History, Interviews can be conducted on several ____ days.
Non-consecutive
-
Under the 24 hr. dietary recall,
The multiple-pass method is the ___ approach for conducting the recall.
Most effective
-
For Food and Nutrition History, Food frequency questionnaires are a survey of foods ____ consumed.
Routinely
-
For Food and Nutrition History, Food frequency questionnaires: Some questionnaires' questions are only ____; other types of questionnaires can collect ____ information by including portion sizes as well.
- Qualitative
- Semi-quantitative
-
For Food and Nutrition History,
Food frequency questionnaires:
Because the respondent is often asked to estimate food intake over a ____ period, the results should not be affected by ____ changes in diet.
-
For Food and Nutrition History,
Food frequency questionnaires:
Describe Limitations:
- Relies on memory
- List only common foods
- Serving sizes not accurate
- Calculated intakes not accurate
- Food list vary depending on area or special populations
- Not effective for short term changes
-
For Food and Nutrition History,
Food Record:
Describe limitations:
- Under-reporting and portion size errors are common
- Time-consuming and burdensome for staff
- Does not account for seasonal changes
-
For Food and Nutrition History,
Food record is a ____ account of foods and beverages consumed within a ____ time period, usually several ___ days.
- Written
- Specific
- Consecutive
-
For Food and Nutrition History, Food records may include information about ____ use, disease syndromes, and ____ activity.
-
For Food and Nutrition History,
Food records:
Describe Advantages:
- Does not rely on memory
- Accurate depends on staff
- Useful for controlling intake
- Increase awareness of food choices
-
For Food and Nutrition History,
Direct observation:
Describe advantages and disadvantages.
- Advantages:
- Does not rely on memory
- Methods do not influence food intake
- Evaluate the acceptability of a prescribed diet.
- Disadvantages:
- Labor intensive
- Only or residential situations
-
Measurements of the body are known as ____ measurements
Anthropometric
-
Anthropometric data includes
- Height(Length)
- Weight
- Circumferences of Waist and Limbs
Some cases head cirumference
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