ch 01, 6 levels of organization, metabolism, homeostasis, feedback.txt

science of body structures and relationships

science of body functions

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal

includes atoms and molecules

two or more atoms joined together (ie: DNA, glucose)

smallest unit of matter (ie: carbon, oxygen)

molecules combine to form cells (ie: muscle, nerve, epithelial, RBC)

basic structural and functional unit of an organism

group of cells and materials surrounding them

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

small intestines

tissues are joined to form organs

structures composed of 2 or more different types of tissue

kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

consists of related organs with common function (ie: digestive system: breaks down and absorbs food, includes organs such as mouth, stomach, etc.)

sum of all chemical processes in the body

breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

building up of complex chemical substances from more simpler components

condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body's internal environment

fluid within cells (ie: cytoplasm)

fluid outside cells

blood plasma (within blood vessels), lymph (within lymphatic vessels), synovial (in joints), aqueous humor and vitreous body (in eyes)

type of extracellular fluid that holds the brain and spinal chord

receptor - monitors change in controlled condition, sends input to the control center (ie: nerve ending of the skin in response to temp change), control center - evaluates input from receptors and generates output command (ie: nerve impulses, hormones - brain acts as control center receiving nerve impulses from skin temp receptors), effector - receives output from the control center, produces a response that changes the controlled condition (shivering to generate heat)

reverses a change in a controlled condition (ie: regulation of blood pressure)

strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body's controlled conditions (ie: childbirth)

when blood loss, blood pressure drops, cells receive less oxygen and function less, and if blood loss continues, heart becomes weaker and stops to pump at all

baroreceptors detect high BP, send nerve impulses (afferent or sensory) to brain to interpret, brain sends back nerve impulses (efferent) to heart and blood vessels, which drops BP and restores homeostasis.