-
diagnostic horizon
- B horizon
- often a Bm, may be Btj or Bfj
- >/= 5cm thick
- high chroma (greater than 3.5)
-
______ soils
- juvenile soils
- one stage beyond regosols
-
distribution in canada
- usually forest, alpine, tundra vegetation
- mesic to subarctic temperature
- perhumid to semiarid moisture
-
associated with which other soil types?
luvisols and podzols
-
great groups
- melanic
- eutric
- sombric
- dystric
-
melanic brunisols
- mull Ah > 10cm
- pH of B horizon > 5.5
- eastern hardwood forests
- precursor to gray brown luvisol
-
eutric brunisols
- little or no mull Ah
- well developed LFH
- calcareous pgm (pH of B horizon > 5.5)
- boreal forest
- associated with gray luvisols
-
sombric brunisols
- mull or moder Ah from arthropod mixing of litter
- non-calcareous pgm (pH of B horizon < 5.5)
- coastal areas of BC
- evolves to podzolic soils
-
dystric brunisols
- no substantial Ah
- has LFH
- non-calcareous pgm (pH < 5.5)
- eastern canada
- forest, alpine, heath vegetation
- precursor to podzolic soils
-
subgroups of dystric brunisols
- orthic dystric brunisol
- eluviated dystric brunisol (Ae)
-
orthic subgroups
- based on modal concept
- Bm horizon
-
eluviated subgroups
minor eluviation of clay minerals
-
duric subgroups
- chemical weathering of Fe minerals
- formation of secondary Fe oxidesÂ
- minor eluviation and illuviation
-
major soil forming factors: climate
-
major soil forming factors: organism
forest (mixed wood)
-
major soil forming factors: relief
not an important factor
-
major soil forming factors: pgm
- calcareous glacial till
- sand acidic Canadian shield
- eolian veneers
- volcanic tephra
-
major soil forming factors: time
depends if the soil is at equilibrium
-
landscape relationships
- occur where pgm is fairly recently deposited
- occur in areas of disturbance
- occur in harsh climatic regions (where pedogenic processes are slow)
-
melanic and eutric brunisols are ____ agricultural soils
good
-
dystric and sombric brunisols are ____
less fertile, prone to soil acidity issues
-
issues with reclamation of brunisols
- compaction
- low OM, low fertility
-
solutions to brunisol reclamation issues
- mulch
- better site prep (timing, decompaction, etc)
- coarse woody debris (CWD)
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