Psych Memory

the ability to store and retrieve information over time

the process of transforming what we perceive, think, or feel, into an enduring memory

the process of maintaining information in memory over time

the process of bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored.

the process of relating new information in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already in memory

a type of storage that holds sensory information for a few seconds or less

a fast-decaying store store of visual memory

a fast-decaying store auditory information

a type storage that holds nonsensory information for more than a few seconds but less than a minute

the process of keeping information in short-term memory by mentally repeating it.

combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term storage

active maintenance of information in short-term storage

a type of storage that holds information for hours, days, weeks, or years

the inability to transfer new information from the short term store into the long term store

the inability to retrieve information that was acquired before a particular date (injury pr surgery)

the process by which memories become stable in the brain

the process that causes memories to become vulnerable to disruption when they are recalled, thus requiring them to become consolidated again

a process by which communication across the synapse between neurons strengthens the connection, making further communication easier

the tendency for information to be better recalled when the person is in the same state during encoding or retrieval

the idea that memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when encoding and retrieval contexts of the situations match

that act of consciously or intentionally retrieving past experiences

the influence of past experiences on later behavior and performance, even without an effort to remember them or an awareness of the recollection

the gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice or knowing how to do things

An enhanced ability to think of a stimulus, such as a word or object, as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus

a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world

the collection of past personal experience  that occurred at a particular time and place

forgetting what occurs with the passage of time

situations in which later learning impairs memory for information acquired earlier

situations in which earlier learning impairs memory for information acquired later

a lapse in attention that results in memory failure

remembering to do things in the future

failure to retrieve information that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it

assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source

recall of when, where, and how information was acquired

the tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections

the distorting of influences of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences

the intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget

detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events

• removed part of his hippocampus
• suffered anterograde amnesia

Hippocampus plays a role in consolidation of memories

Atkinson and smith, information goes from sensory memory to short term memory to long term memory

interference and decay

iconic-0.5 sec, and echoic memory-3 sec.

investigated iconic memory, used the flashing of 4 rows of letter

20 sec.

grouping information into higher order units

the conscious repetition of information that increases the time it stays in working memory

created working model- sensory to long term before working memory and back in forth between long and short term

memory process model, elaboration, levels of processing theory of memory, the bowl model

the extensiveness of processing at a given level of memory, using associations to store in long-term

declarative memory use words to describe memory or experience

• episodic memory-personal experiences, flashbulb memory
• semantic memory-facts

• primary effect-words at the beginning at the list are easy to remember 
• recency effect- words at the end of a list are easy to remember

content dependent memory- learning in the same context that you recall helps remember it

mood-dependent memory- tested better when in the same mood

studying in the same place as the testing method helps memory

info in long term fades over time

competition among related memories

we don't have the cues necessary for retrieval

information never made it into memory (absentmindness)

mental frameworks representing our knowledge and assumptions about the world

pre-existing knowledge or beliefs about a situation

misremember where they learned a piece of information

an unconconscious defense mechanism that keeps painful memories out of awareness

false memory syndrome; people are creating memories based on suggestions