Semester 2 ch 6

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organized study of the composition and interactions of matter

chemistry
principals to Dalton's Atomic Theory

every element consist of atoms

all atoms of a particular element have the same properties

Different elements have different properties because their atoms are different

Atoms of different elements can combine in specific ways to form compounds

Chemical processes are the result of the rearrangement, combination, or separation of atoms.
what is the name for substances composed of a single type of atom

elements
substances composed of more than one type of atom linked together

compounds
dense central core of an atom

nucleus
what determines an atom's atomic number

its # of protons and neutrons
subatomic particle of the atom found outside the nucleus

electron
positively charged subatomic particle

proton
atoms that are the same element but have different numbers of neutrons

isotopes
building blocks of the subatomic particles

quarks
positive ion

cations
average mass of all the natural isotopes of an element

average atomic mass
suggests that it is impossible to simultaneously measure both the position and velocity of an electron

Heisenberg uncertainty principle
atoms are composed of still smaller particles of matter called

subatomic particles
any substance that is unstable

radioactive
length of time required for one half of the original substance to decay

half-life
the proses that occurs when 2 atoms split into 2 smaller atoms

nuclear fission
"domino effect"

chain reaction
reaction cannot occur unless there is a certain amount of fissionable material present

critical mass
category of elements characterized by being hard dense, shiny, and good electrical conductors

metal
name of elemental group 17

Halogens
molecules with the same number and types of atoms by different arrangements of atoms

isomers
substance that has he same physical properties throughout and consists of only one type of atom

pure substance
substance in to which the solute dissolves

solvent
the substance in which the substance dissolves

solute
molecules of the mixed substances are not completely mixed

heterogeneous
mixture containing tiny suspended clumps or particles

colloid
the attractive force that links two or more atoms together

chemical bonds
what is a molecule with oppositely charged ends called

polar molecule
simplest ratio of atoms in a covalent network

formula unit
atom that has an electrical charge because of losing or gaining electrons

ion
The average mass of all the natural isotopes of an element, calculated according to the isotopes relative abundances

average atomic mass
radiation produced when an atomic nucleus breaks up or undergoes a change

nuclear radiation
Most atoms tend to react to obtain eight electrons in their valence shell

octet rule
When elements are arranged by their increasing atomic numbers, they show regular and repeating, or periodic properties

periodic law
several pure substances that are physically mixed but not chemically united

mixture
mixture with molecules uniformly mixed

solution
substance that dissolves

solute
atoms covalently bonded into a large structure that does not contain a specific number of atoms

covalent network
chemical formula that shows the general arrangement of the atoms in a molecule

chemical formula
chemical formulas that show the general arrangement of the atoms in a molecule

structural formula
What are the forces that bind molecules together to form larger structures

intermolecular forces
What force occurs between all polar molecules

dipole-dipole force
what force only affects nonpolar molecules

London force

Author

Rayna

324549

Card Set

Semester 2 ch 6

Description

A Beka

Updated

2016-11-03T23:18:29Z