recommended age for beginning primary immunizations
2 weeks old
if immunizations are started and than stopped
child should receive missed doses
what vaccinations should be administered at the same visit
hbv vaccine (hep b) dtap ,ipv(polio)MMR VARICELLA AND HIB vaccines can be administered together at separate site injections
why is hepatitis B vaccine important
HBV is a pediatric disease the infection occurs in childhood and adolescence and can lead to fatal consequences from cirrhosis or liver cancer during adulthood
it is received within 12 hours of birth 0.5 ml in vatus lateris
can be given with dtap mmr hib
avoid dorsal gluteal site because it is associated with low antibody seroconversion rates indicating a reduced immune response
clinical manifestations of diptheria
respiratory nasopharyngitis or obstructive laryngotraceaitis with upper airway obstruction
5 ways diphtheria vaccinations are made available
1.combo with tetanus and percusis(dtap)and hib vaccines for children younger than 7
2.in combo with conjugate H.influenza type B
3. combined with tetanus (DT) for children younger than 7 and who have contradictions receiving pertussis
4.in combo with tetanus and acellular pertussis TDAP for children 11 and older
5. single antigen when combined preparations are not indicated
benefit of diptheria vaccination and booster
boosters given every 10 years for life persist for 10 years or more when given at the correct age
3 forms of tetanus vaccine
tetanus toxoid-used for primary injection
tetanus immunoglobin(TIG)
tetanus antitoxin-no longer given in the usa
difference between boostrix and adacel
boostrix- licensed for people 10=65
adacel for people 11=64
age for pertussis
all children 6 wks to 6 years of age
children with no neurological contradictions
how many forms of pertussis is available in the united states
1. whole cell pertussis-is prepared from inactivated cells of bordetella pertusis ad contain multipleantigens
2. acellular pertussis and contains one or more immunogens derived from the b pertussis organism. is associated with fewer local and systemic reactions than those occurring w/whole cell
first 3 immunizations are given at 2,4,6 months of age w/diptheriaand tetanus
pertussis percautions
nurses should receive a single dose of TDAP and droplet precautions against droplet contamination
polio changed to inactivated vaccine
because of rare risk of vaccine-associated polio paralysis from oral polio vaccine
which vaccine increased risk of febrile seizure after administartion
MMRV(MEASLES,MUMPS,RUBELLA,VARICELLA)
should be fully explained risk is 5-12 days in children
12-23 mths remains low and should be weighed with benifit
decreasing mortality and morbidiy in measles
vitamin A supplementation
why should mumps vaccine not be given to infants younger than 1 year
maternal antibodies can interfere with immune response
main goal of rubella vaccine and targeted group
protects unborn child
targeted group is all unimmunized prepubertal children and susceptible adolescents and adult women in their childbearing years
routine immunization schedule for HPV2 or HPV4 in females and males
HPV4-for female children and adolescents 11-12 min age to prevent hpv related cervical cancers
administered IM in 3 separate dosages 2nd dose admin 2 mths after the first 3rd dose given 6 mths after first dose
may be admin to boys 9-26 in 3 dose series to reduce likelihood of genital warts
hpv2-girls and women 10-25 for prevention of hpv realted to cervical cancers given in 3 dose series
which vaccinations contain live virus
varicella and MMR
special considerations when given MMR and varicella vaccine
should not be given to immunocompromised pts
should be postponed 3 months after newly acquired immunity ex.. blood transfusion maternal antibodies