POLS 2302 Test 1

Who was the first president of the United States?

What is the formal vehicle through which polices are made and affairs of state are conducted-works?

During the start of our country, the introduction of ______ as a cash crop in 1612 improved the economic status of the settlement.

What are some of the reasons many settlers from early America died?

What was the common initial reason for settlement in North America?

What is the type of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern in the interest of all?

What is the form of government in which power resides in a leader who rules according to self-interest and without regard for individual rights and liberties?

An aristocracy is a government by the _____ in service of the ______.

What form of government is ruled by a tyranny?

What is an oligarchy?

What form of government gives power to the people,either directly or indirectly, through elected representatives?

Due to ______ of the new nation, direct democracy was unworkable.

Direct democracy makes all policies by _____ vote

Indirect democracy makes all policies by _______ to work on behalf of them.

What are the functions of the governement?

What is another term used for democracy?

How did the term republic come to be interchangeable with democracy?

The addition of the _____ amendment  and its emphasis on due process and on equal protection of the law, as well the subsequent passage of laws guaranteeing civil rights and liberties.

What amendment in the constitution has an emphasis on due process and equal protection of law?

The constitution authorized _____ to create a federal judicial system to dispense justice.

The U.S. constitution once regarded a slave as equal to ______ of a white person for purpose of assessing state population.

What is the principle that the government must draw its power fro the consent of the governed.

English political philosopher John Locke's _______ theory,

According to John Locke, the social contract theory is . . .

Individualism: In contrast, in the U.S. system, all individuals are deemed _____ and _____ and _____, as proclaimed in the Declaration of Independence, "with certain unalienable rights"

The Constitution mandated tha the number of members of the House of Representatives should not exceed on for every ______ people.

Immigration to the U.S.  peaked in the first decade of the ____.

The second major wave of immigration was until the late ______.

Today, almost ____% of Americans can be classified as immigrants, and many of them are _____.

American Asian population, today, the _______ minorty population

An aging America also imposes a great ______ burden on working Americans, whose proportion in the population is rapidly declining.

Settlers from the Virginia colony southward largely focused on ______.

What are the 4 functions political scientists attribute to ideologies?

Conservatives prefer change to come

Conservatives prefer _____ government, especially in regulating the _______.

Do conservatives emphasize fiscal responsibility or not?

Conservatives favor local and _____ action over _____ intervention.

How do social conservatives differ from regular conservatives?

Liberals foster the development of ______ and the well-being of individuals.

Liberals support well-funded government ______ programs.

Liberals support or oppose government efforts to regulate private behavior or infringe on civil rights and liberties.

Before the Pilgrims traveled to the New World on the Mayflower, the most common reason for settlement in North America was . . .

A) Commerce
B) Popular consent
C) Equality
D) electing representatives

Which settlement was not founded for primarily religious freedom?

As the population of the New World increased, the town meeting form of government was gradually replaced with an indirect democracy system colonists called?

Which of the following is not a function of American government listed in the Preamble?

A) Secure the blessings of liberty
B) Establish justice
C) Promote equality
D) Ensure domestic tranquility

Which American ideal, central to the Declaration of Independence, was derived from the social contract theory?

A) Tobacco
B) Majority rule
C) Popular consent
D) Natural law

Which of these is a major contributor to American population growth since 1940?

A) George Washington
B) Industrial growth
C) Higher birthrates
D) Longer life expectancy

According to political scientists, which of the following is not considered a function of political ideology?

A)  Evaluation
B) Political program
C) Partisanship
D) Orientation

Which political ideology is most associated with a limited role of government in personal and economical affairs?

Congress, as the legislative branch of government, its primary goal is . . .

What article in the Constitution describes the structure of the legislative branch of government?

What is the term used to describe a two house legislative?

What determines the number of representatives for a state?

What is the age requirement of a representative and a senator?

Rep. serve ____ terms.

Rep. are elected by who?

A U.S. census is conducted every . . .

Each state is granted its share of these _____ representatives on the basis of its population.

After the U.S. census, a constitutionally mandated process called ______ adjusts the number of alloted seats to each state.

What is the process of redrawing congressional districts to reflect increase or decrease in the number of seats alloted to a state, as well as population shifts within a state?

Senators are elected for _____ terms

The _____amendment in 1913, provided the voters with direct election of senators.

As interpreted by the Supreme Court, the _______ clause,  found in Article 1, section 8, allows Congress to increase its scope of authority, often at the expense of the states and into areas not necessarily envisioned by the Framers.

Where in the Constitution do you find the necessary and proper clause?

What article gives special, exclusive powers to each house?

The House of Reps. has the power to _____ the president, the Senate _____ the ______ officials.

Who has the sole authority to approve major presidential appointments?

The Senate must approve all presidential treaties by ______ vote.

During impeachment trial, the Senate may remove an official with a ______ vote.

What two factors affect the chances of reelection of government officials?

What is incumbency?

The majority of members who lose their reelection bids are affected by three key factors: . . .

In most states, _____ state legislative draw district lines.

Define gerrymandering

______ party in the state legislative uses redistricting process as an opportunity to ensure formation of voting districts that protect their majority.

The majority party is the one with the _____ members

The minority party is the one with the ______ members

Define a party caucus

Each caucus or conference has specialized _____ that fulfill certain tasks.

What is the chamber's most powerful position?

Only officer of the House of Reps. mentioned in the Constitution

The Speaker of the House traditionally is a member of the _____ party.

Who presides over the House of Reps.?

When and who elects the Speaker of the House?

The first powerful speaker of the house was . . .

Who helps the Speaker of the House schedule proposed legislation for debate on the House floor?

How are the majority and minorty parties elected?

What is party whip?

Whips and deputy whips also serve as . . .

Who is the presiding officer today?

What is the official chair of the Senate, usually the most senior?

The Pro tempore presides over . . .

Since presiding over the Senate can be a rather perfunctory duty, neither the vice president nor the president pro tempore actually perform the task often. Instead, this is handed to . . .

An individual Senator can bring all work on the floor to a halt indefinitely through a _______ unless _______ of the senators vote to cut him/her off.

What type of committee are the first and the last places to which bills go?

What are the 4 types of committees?

The establishment of committees allow for . . .

To what committees are bills refereed for consideration?

What are joint committees en-charge of?

What committee are created for reconciliation of differences in bills passed by the House and Senate?

Which committee is appointed temporarily for specific purposes?

What is a petition that gives a majority of the House the authority to bring an issue to the floor in the face of committee inaction?

A discharge petition signed by a ______ of the House can force bills out of a House committee.

A committee chair can opt to kill a bill by

What is the limit of years one can hold a committee chair?

Article 1, sec. 7, details the procedures by which ______ can make laws and raise revenue.

Who are the only ones who can formally submit a bill for congressional consideration?

What committee regulates access to the floor for legislation approved by other standing committees?

The committee usually refers a bill to one of its

After the committees have reviewed the bill, it passes to

The _____ given to a bill determines ______ on the floor debate and specifies what type of amendments, if any, may be attached to the bill.

Once the Committee of Rules considers the bill, it is

After the a bill is added to calendar by the Committee of Rules, the ______ has to take a vote.

Unlike the House of Reps., the Senate can hold a bill by ______ or _______.

Senators may end a filibuster in only one way. _____ of them must sign a motion for cloture(mechanism requiring the vote of ______senators to cut off a debate).

After a cloture motion is passed, members may spend no more than _____ hours debating the legislation at issue.

What is a hold in the Senate?

Once a bill has been approved by the Senate and the House, who has the final decision?

A president has the power of _____, turning down a bill.

The president can wait _______ days, at the end of which a bill becomes law by default without his signature, if congress is ______.

Reps often seek appropriations know as pork. Define Pork.

What is programatic requests?

Congress an override a president's veto by

What resolution called for authorization from congress for the sending of troops overseas?

Under the War Powers Resolution, the president must withdraw troops within _____ days unless congress votes to declare war.

What is senatorial courtesy?

A trustee is a person who

A delegate voted based on his ______, not his ______.

A politico acts as trustee or delegate, depending on

When a member of congress could give two shits about a bill at hand, he can choose to _____ otherwise known as . . .

A party whip is

A) A leader responsible for mobilizing the party
B) A member assigned to speak to the media on behalf of the party.
C) any new member of the majority party in the House.
D) A moderate member of the party

The practice of halting Senate actions on a bill though unlimited debate or long speeches is called a

A) Conference
B) Discharge Petition
C) Evaluation
D) Filibuster

Which of the following is NOT a power of Congress that limits the presidents power?

A) War Powers Resolution
B) Senatorial Courtesy
C) Congressional Review
D) Appointment

Under article 1, which of the following powers is not granted to Congress?

A)  regulating commerce
B) Declaring War
C)  Establishing rules for naturalization 
D)  Raising an army and navy

The framers were troubled by the manner the president was elected, their solution was

What is the age requirement for a president?

What is the residency requirement for a president?

What is the length of a presidential term?

The president can only be impeached on the charges of . . .

A president can be formally impeached only with a _____ vote of the House and a _____ vote of the Senate.

________ ran successfully in four elections as Americans fought _______ and then _______. Despite his popularity, negative reactions to his long tenure in office lead to a ratification of the ______ amendment. Limiting presidency to 2 two yr terms.

What amendment limits presidency to 2 2 yrs. terms in his life?

Due the Watergate incident case, Nixon justified his denial to provide evidence with what implied presidential power?

What is executive privilege?

What amendment allowed the president to select a vice president?

Who can deem the the president unfit for duty?

Does the president have the power to remove any of his appointees at will?

What article specifies few presidential powers?

President can convene either or both houses of Congress on . . .

The president requires _____ of Congress approval for treaty authorization.

What as a significant event in history in which a president underestimated the need of Congressional support for treat approval?

What allows the president to make agreements without Senate advise or approval due to highly sensitive information?

Who proposed the New Deal? and what was it?

Jefferson justified his expansion of the size of our nation through the

Who was the first vice president and what did he think about the position?

Presidents select vice presidents largely based on ______

President Obama elected vice president Joe Biden because

The National Security Council advised the _____ on ______matters

The National Security Council is composed of

Franklin D. Roosevelt broke traditions by introducing _____ to Congress.

Recommend presidents begin making bold moves in the beginning of their election. Why?

Due to the Great Depression, FDR was given the opportunity to involve himself in the congressional budget process, just as he inserted himself into the legislative process. How?

What are some responsibility of the Office of Management and Budget?

Who term described an executive ability to fire public-office holders of the defeated political party and replace them with party loyalists?

The Spoils system was replaced the _____ system. Define it.

Who introduced the Merits system, yet did not pass?

As a result of James A. Garfield's death, Congress prompted to pass the Civil Rights Reform Act in 1883, commonly known as the . . .

The Pendelton Act established ______ replacing the ______ system.

Abraham Lincoln established the Dept. of ______ as the nation geared for war(Civil War).

What are entities created by Congress outside the major executive department?

Commission members from Independent Regulatory Commissions are appointed by the ______, jobs with ______terms

Commission members from Independent Regulatory Commissions once appointed, cannot be removed unless . . .

Bureaucrats are driven by . . .

Bureaucracies also differ from businesses because it is hard to determine . . .

Independent regulatory commissioners are _______to direct political influence once they take office.

Bureaucracy agencies fall into 4 general categories. Name them.

Independent Regulatory Commissions were created by _____

Each Independent Regulatory Commission has _____ selected by the _______, confirmed by the _______, for fixed, staggered terms to increase the chances of a bipartisan board.

Government Corporations are established by _____ to . . .

What act was liberalized to allow employees to run for public office in nonpartisan elections, contribute money to political organizations, and campaign for or against candidates in partisan elections. So long it is not done on duty

When agencies are non compliant, they can use ______, a quasi-judicial process in which bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties in a manner similar to the way the courts solve disputes.

With the approval of _____, the president can reorganize the bureaucracy.

______ possesses the authority to _____ or _____ departments and agencies, transfer agency functions, and expand or contract bureaucratic discretion.

Bureaucrats appear before _______ committees on a regular basis to inform members of progress, activities, ongoing investigations, and budget requests.

To help Congress oversee the bureaucracy's financial affairs, in 1921 Congress created the _________, now called the ________.

Iron triangle are made up of

A) Interest Groups, lobbyists, and bureaucrats
B) the vice president, Supreme Court, and Congress
C) Bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees
D) The people of the state

What is the primary goal of the spoils system?

Which act of Congress established a merit system of federal employment?

Bureaucratic agencies representing areas of national interest whose heads are appointed directly by the pres. are known as . . .

The president can check the power of the bureaucracy by

_______ must be published in the Federal Register in order to become law.

Why did Congress initially create independent regulatory commissions such as the Interstate Commerce Commission?

Why were inter-agency councils created?