Psych Learning

the acquisition of new knowledge, skills, or responses from experience that results in a relatively permanent change in the state of the learner

a general process in which repeated or prolonged exposure to a stimulus results in gradual reduction in responding.

a simple form of learning that occurs when presentation of a stimulus leads to an increased response to a later stimulus

a type of learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus produces a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally produces a response

something that reliably produces a naturally occurring reaction in an organism

a reflexive reaction that is reliably produced by an unconditioned stimulus

conditioned stimulus

a reaction that resembles an unconditioned response but is produced by the conditioned stimulus

the phase when the CS and US are presented together

a CS is paired with a stimulus that became associated with the US in an earlier procedure

the gradual elimination of a learned response that occurs when the CS is repeatedly presented without the US

the tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period

the CR is observed even though the CS is slightly different from the CS used during acquisition

the capacity to distinguish between similar but distinct stimuli

a propensity for learning particular kinds of associations over others

a type of learning in which the consequences of an organism's behavior determine whether it will be repeated in the future

behavior followed by satisfying state of affairs tend to be repeated while those that produce an unpleasant state of affairs are less likely to be repeated

behavior that an organism produces that has some impact on the enviornment

rewarding stimulus is presented

unpleasant stimulus is removed

an unpleasant stimulus is presented

a pleasant stimulus is removed

an operant conditioning principle in which reinforcers are presented at fixed-time periods, provided that the appropriate response is made

behavior is reinforced based on the average time that has expired since the last reinforcement

reinforcement is delivered after a specific number of responses have been made

delivery of reinforcement is based on a particular average number of responses

some of the responses made are followed by reinforcement

Learning that results from the reinforcement of successive steps to a final desired behavior

something is learned, but is not manifested as a behavioral change until sometime in the future

a mental representation of the physical features of the environment

a condition in which learning takes place by watching the actions of the others

learning that takes place largely independent of awareness of both the process and the products of information acquisition

learning

dogs and saliva -classical conditioning

US-UR, CS+US-UR, CS-CR

rescorla and wagner, you're learning that the conditional stimulus is signal for the conditioned response

cerebellum

US proceeds the CS

CS and US presented at the same time

CS presented at least until the US is presented

CS is discontinued before the US is presented

delayed conditioning

new conditioned stimulus gets paired w/ a previous stimulus

Watson and Little Albert

white rat/ loud noise- associates with white rats with noise, little Albert became afraid of white rats

counter conditioning-used rabbits, replaced conditioned response fear w/ a new response (relaxation)

cat puzzle boxes

reinforcement

• behavior may temporarily inhibited 
• punishment does not teach a more adaptable response
• punishment may be reinforcing
• punishment can arouse fear, anger, frustration, leading replication, turning out, or running away

rat and bar, praising successive approxiations

starting with the last behavior of a chain- which has a reward

it takes longer for a partially "reinforced behavior to extinguish"

cognitive maps (rats and maps), latent learning occurs

observational learning, we learn by watching others- bobo doll study

attention, retention, reproduct, motivation