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Photosynthesis:"synthesis from __"
light
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Plants take in __, produce __ & release __ & __
CO2; carbs (glucose); H2O; O2
(Light is required. O2 comes from H2O)
(page 2 on slide)
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CO2 enters while H2O & O2 exit through a leaf's __
stomata
(page 4 on slide)
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High atmospheric CO2 indicates __ stomata density. Low atmospheric CO2 indicates __ stomata density.
low (prevents H2O loss); high
(page 5 on slide)
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The light reaction pathway of photosynthesis involves converting __ energy to chemical energy as __ & __
light (photon); ATP; NADPH (plant's electron carrier)
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The light-independent reaction pathway of photosynthesis involves using __ & __ (from the light reactions) plus __ to produce __
ATP; NADPH; CO2; carbs
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Photosynthesis occurs in the __
chloroplast
(page 7 & 8 on slide)
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Chlorophyl is found in the __ matrix
thylakoid
(page 8, 14, & 16 on slide)
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When light energy is __, the molecule acquires the energy of the photon. The molecule goes from ground state to __ state.
absorbed; excited
(page 12, 13, & 16 on slide)
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Noncyclic electron transport produces __ & __ from H2O
NADPH (reduced electron carrier); ATP
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Cyclic electron transport produces __
ATP only
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Noncyclic ET: Light energy is used to __ H2O
oxidize
H2O > O2, H+, electrons
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Noncyclic ET (photosystem II): After excitation by light, __ is an unstable molecule & seeks electrons
P680+
- P680 > P680+ + e-
- P680 loses electrons
(page 18 on slide)
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Noncyclic ET (photosystem II): __ is a strong oxidizing agent & takes electrons from __
P680 (P680+); H2O (splitting the H2O molecule)
(P680+ is the strongest biological oxidizing agent known.)
(page 18 on slide)
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"Z scheme" model of noncyclic ET: extracts electrons from __ & transfers them to __, using energy from photosystems I & II & resulting in __
H2O; NADPH; ATP synthesis
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The noncyclic pathway yields __
NADPH, ATP, & O2
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Electrons from P680 goes to __
plastoquinone
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Energy of e- from plastoquinone allows __ to pump H+ from the __ side to __ side.
cytochrome; stroma; thylakoid lumen
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e- from cytochrome then goes to __ to __.
plastocyanin; photosystem I
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steps in noncyclic pathway (from photosystem II to photosystem I)
- 1. Light hits chlorophyl in photosystem II, causing excitation of P680.
- 2. e- from P680 goes to plastoquinone.
- 3. P680 is now P680+ and is unstable and needs e-
- 4. P680+ takes e- from H2O, splitting the H2O molecule. (P680 then becomes stable)
- 5. O2 & H+ are byproducts in the thylakoid side.
- 6. Energy of e- from plastoquinone allows cytochrome to pump H+ from stroma side to thylakoid lumen side.
- 7. Cytochrome pumps 2 H+ for every e, creating a proton gradient.
- 8. e- from cytochrome then goes to plastocyanin to photosystem I.
(page 24 on slide)
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Light hits chlorophyl in photosystem I, causing __ to lose e- to __.
P700; ferredoxin
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P700+ gets e- from __ to become stable again.
plastocyanin
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e- from ferredoxin moves to __, in which __ becomes __
ferredoxin-NADP reductase; NADP; NADPH
-
steps in noncyclic pathway (photosystem I)
- 9. (occurs after photosystem II) Light hits chlorophyl in photosystem I, causing P700 to lose e- to ferredoxin.
- 10. P700 is now P700+. P700+ gets e- from plastocyanin to become stable again.
- 11. e- from ferredoxin moves to ferredoxin-NADP reductase, in which NADP becomes NADPH (redox reaction)
- 12. H+ is removed from stroma side. Now there is a proton gradient.
- 13. H+ in thylakoid lumen is diffused through ATP synthase to stroma side to create ATP
(page 24 on slide)
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