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へ
- to (a place)
- Followed by motion verb (e.g. ikimasu)
-
か
- Turns sentence into a question
- Always at the end (after verb)
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を
- (w)o
- Indicates preceding noun is dir object of transitive verb
-
は
- "Wa"
- Turns preceding noun into subj of sentence
-
で
- in/at
- Place N followed by で indicates where the action takes place
- Ex/ Ginza de kamera o kaimasu
-
ね
- Indicates strong expectation of agreement
- Ex/ Yoku kissaten e ikimasu, ne?
- ([You] go to the coffee shop often, don't you?)
-
が
- Highlights preceding noun as subj of sentence
- Mandatory with interrogative noun such as "nani" with existence verb
- Ex/ Nani ga arimasu ka?
-
も
- Can replace を to indicate also/too
- Ex/ Mainichi teepo o kikimasu. Rekoodo mo kikimasu.
-
けど
- Clause relational meaning "although"
- If the clause isn't stated, it can mean "why do you ask" or "how do you know"
- Ex/ Ashita kurasa ga arimasu ka? Iie, arimasen kedo....
-
に
- After place N, indicates where something is situated or exists.
- Ex/ Doko ga gakkoo ni imasu ka?
-
よ
- Emphatic sentence particle at end (after verb) giving warning, new info, assurance, etc.
- Corresponds to "certainly", "you know", "I tell you", ....
- Ex/ Soo desu ne. ([Yes,] isn't it?)
- Ex/ Soo desu yo. ([Yes,] it is.)
-
と
- "and"
- Ex/ Koko ni inu to neko to tori ga imasu.
-
ねえ
- Sentence particle at end which expresses admiration, surprise, etc.
- Ex/ Joozu desu nee. (How proficient [you] are!)
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