Criminalistics

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Forensic Science

the application of science to law
Mathieu Orfila

Father of forensic toxicology
Francis Galton

Fingerprints & their classification
Leone Lattes

created procedure to determine blood type from dried blood stains
Calvin Goddard

comparison microscope to determine if a particular GUN fired a bullet
Albert Osborn

Document (handwriting examination)
Walter McCrone

utilized MICROSCOPE & other methods to examine evidence
Hans Gross

scientific principles to the field of criminal investigation
Edmond Locard

incorporated Gross principles within a workable crime lab
Locard's Exchange Principle

when a criminal comes in contact with object or person, a cross-transfer of evidence occurs
What types/levels of crime labs are there, and approximate how many?

Federal, State, County & Municipal (& some private) - approximate 350
Name the 5 types of technical support in forensics
- 1. Physical science
- 2. Biology unit
- 3. Firearms unit
- 4. Document exam unit
- 5. Photography unit
Name optional services of tech support -
- 1. Toxicology unit
- 2. Latent fingerprint
- 3. Polygraph unit
- 4. Voiceprint analysis
- 5. Evidence collection
An individual whom the court determines possesses knowledge relevant to the trial that is not expected of the average person -

Expert Witness
Guidelines set for determing the admissability of scientific evidence into the courtroom - GENERALLY ACCEPTED BY THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY -

Frye Standard
List the DAUBERT Criteria -
- 1. Whether the scientific technique or theory can be & has been tested
- 2. whether the technique/theoryhas been subject to peer review & publication
- 3. the rate of error
- 4. the existence & maintenance of standards controlling the techniques operation
- 5. the scientific theory or method has attracted widespread acceptance within a relevant scientific community

Author

carollawson@charter.net

32429

Card Set

Criminalistics

Description

Chapter 1

Updated

2010-09-02T17:27:52Z

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