Chapter 8

the structures that contain most of the cell's DNA

single celled organisms reproduce by dividing in half and there's no fertilization of an egg by a sperm

requires fertilization of an egg by a sperm

fibers composed of roughly equal amounts DNA and organizes/ controls chromatin and activity of genes

contain identical genes aka "sister chromatids"

• lasts 90% of the cell cycle 
• a cell performs it's normal functions and everything doubles in it's cytoplasm, it also grows in size

• DNA synthesis
• chromosome duplication

each chromosome is single

each chromosome in the cell consists of 2 identical chromatids and the cell prepares to divide

• occurs in the mitotic phase
• nucleus and it's contents divide evenly into two daughter nuclei

• begins during telophase
• divides cytoplasm
• called cleavage in animals
• called cell plate plant cells

divide excessively and may attack tissues of the body

a picture of chromosomes and a technician can break them open during metaphase, stain it and arrange the chromosomes in matching pairs by size

all body cells contain pairs of homologous chromosomes

have one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes

cell division that produces haploid gametes in diploid

exchange of corresponding segments betwen nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes

the members of a chromosome pair fail to separate at anaphase