What is Science?(5) + is it meant to prove theories
1.A systematic study
2.Focuses on physical and natural world
3.testable predictions
4.observation & experiment
5.Reliable & teachable knowledge
challenge ideas through research
Not meant to prove theories, but rule out alternative explanations until a likely conclusion is reached
7 steps of the scientific method
1.Make an observation or observations
2.Ask questions, gather information
3.Form a hypothesis
— a possible explanation of observations
— and make predictions based on it
4.Test the hypothesis and predictions in an experiment that can be reproduced
5.Analyze the data and draw conclusionsaccept or reject the hypothesismodify the hypothesis if necessary
6.Reproduce the experiment until there are no discrepancies between observations and theory
7.Share what you have learned & discuss context
what makes up the scientific method (5)
1.testable hypothesis
2.deductive reasoning
3.a dependent variable (what you measure)
4.independent variable (characteristic)
5.An experimental group and a control group
what is a bad explanation?
easy to vary
Hypothesis:
proposed/tentative explanation for a phenomenon
Theory:
general principle or body of principles that has been developed to explain a wide variety of phenomena
Law:
mathematical relationship that is consistently found to be true
What happens when we ignore scientific explanations?
results in death and injury/ consequences?
In what situations would a popular source be the best choice to use? A scholarly, peer-reviewed source?
scholary-more info in depth like tests
peer reviews- information that is general
What are some of the important differences between popular and scholarly sources that could help you tell them apart?
popular- based on site and author
scholarly- less accessible
What is peer review? How are peer-reviewed sources different from popular sources?
peer review is a article that is reviewed by other ppl that know that subject. its different by where and who they are published by and the look.
first technology
1.8 million years ago: Fire and then cooking
500 thousand years ago (ka): Shelter construction
400 ka: Pigments in Zambia
400 ka: Spears in Germany
200 ka: Glue in Italy
160–40 ka: Burial
110 ka: Beads in Israel
77 ka: Bedding in South Africa
64 ka: Arrowhead in South Africa
61 ka: Sewing needle in South Africa
ki tech
EU = European Union
KI = Knowledge Intensive
Business
Financial
Telecom-munications
high tech
HT = High Technology
Aircraft & spacecraft
Communications
Computers
Pharmaceuticals
Semiconductors
Testing, measuring & control instruments
are Technological justice, equity, security interrelated?
yes
Why might technology be undesirable?
Unethical
Socially destructive
Unnecessary
Unintended consequences
What is Biotechnology in Agriculture
Increase predictable variation
Decrease unpredictable variation
Increase yield
Increase desirable traits
variations in Environmental
Location
Climate
Social environment
Nutrition
variations in Genetic
Mutation
Sexual reproduction
Heirloom Breeds
– strain selected for particular traits through many, many generations of artificial selection
Hybrid Breeds–
seeds are genetically similar, but the next generation will be wildly variable
Open Pollenated Seeds
– non-hybrid, the next generation will be equally variable as the current one
Clones –
all individuals are genetically identical, no genetic variation at all
what are the Modern Results of Artificial Selection?(4)
1.Heirloom Breeds–
2.Hybrid Breeds–
3.Open Pollenated Seeds –
4.Clones –
Similar to artificial selection except:
Induce mutagenesis to increase amount of genetic variation
Then select desired traits as before
what isGenetic Engineering (GMO)
Taking specific genes from one organism and putting it into another
-Not inherently bad, but requires extensive research
(4) steps of gmos
1.Identify & isolate a desired gene from any organism
2.Insert that gene into a crop organism
Grow
3.Select those with the new gene in every cell
----This permanently changes the genome
Do Herbicides Bioaccumulate? Urine:
glyphosate (Round-Up) levels over 10 times higher in US than in Europe
Glyphosate found in breast milk of US women
what are the Health Risks of (GMO) Foods?
Allergies & immune system
Digestive system
Liver & Kidney
Thyroid
Pancreas & diabetes
Reproductive system
Tumors, cell death & death
what are Emerging Issues in the Wake of GE Crop Technology?(5)
1.Many animals prefer non-GM feed
2.Corporations control seed industry
3.Profits drive breeding decisions, not problem solving
4.Erosion of investments in prevention-based IPM and farmer IPM skill sets
5.Growing reliance on systemic delivery of toxins
Seed treatments, Insecticides, Bt endotoxins
How to not do GMOS
1.Cook meals when possible
2.In processed foods, avoid GM ingredients
4.Eat organic when you can
5.Labeling laws
6.State laws
7.National laws (DARK act)
8.Voluntary labeling
Why did some crab shells look like Samurai warriors?
Thrown back to see / not eaten
What would you call this process?
Artificial selection
What is with the cosmic calendar?
13 billion years into one year. Putting all history since the Big Bang together
What is the structure of DNA? How DNA is replicated.
Twisted ladder, double helix, at-gc, amino acids
Matches is both sides look the same
What is the relationship between living things on earth? What about life forms elsewhere?
Common bigo chem
What was the point of all the beakers & bubbling liquids?
To crate molecules (bio chem)
Molecules can be related ares adding energy
What is the meaning of the title of this episode?
Saying all life on earth same figure.
There's common theme biochemical bring it together
Artificial Selection (3)
1.Collect potential seeds & choose trait of importance
Ex. Large size
2.Select few with desired trait
Ex. Largest 10%
3.Plant out and get more with desired trait
Ex. More of the seeds in the next generation will be large
Also works for animals
Genetic Variability (5)
-DNA is made up of 4 molecules repeated in long chains
-The sequence of those 4 letters determines the function of the DNA
-Genes are made of DNA
-Genes are located on chromosomes
-Variation occurs when individual letters change by chance
E
B
c
Scholarly sources:
Information sources created by experts. The audience consists of others in the expert’s discipline. Example: Peer-reviewed journal articles, academic books.
Popular sources:
Information sources created by non-experts, such as journalists or social media users. The audience tends to be more general than that of scholarly sources.
Example: Newspaper or magazine articles, Tweets.
Open web:
The part of the world wide web that anyone with Internet can access for free. People usually use a search engine like Google to access content in the open web, such as weather reports.
Deep web:
The part of the world wide web that is not freely available. Often, individuals, companies, or institutions pay for content in the deep web through subscriptions. The library pays for subscriptions to journals and databases that students and faculty use for research.
Peer review:
The formal process scholarly journals employ to ensure that a manuscript’s writing, methodology, arguments, and conclusions are sound. Peer review has long been a marker of quality that sets scholarly articles apart from popular articles.
Scholarly journal:
A journal that publishes academic content and that typically utilizes peer review to vet submissions. A scholarly journal’s readers are typically academics, scholars, and/or other experts in a specific discipline. Example: Journal of Neurology
Scholarly journal article:
An article published in a scholarly journal; typically, a scholarly journal article is written by an expert and has been vetted through the peer review process. Example: Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: Results from a large observational study in the UK
The Literature:
The body of scholarly work in any given field.
Literature Review:
A document that surveys scholarly information sources, such as articles, books, dissertations, and conference proceedings, relevant to a research topic.
Attribution:
The act of giving credit to the author or creator of a work. Scholars typically use a particular citation style (APA, MLA, etc.) to attribute work to an author or creator.
Scholarly Communication:
Term used to refer to the system in which scholarly information is created, evaluated, disseminated, and preserved.
D
E
E
A
B
B
A
C
C
E
B
C
Biotechnology
E)
Which of these inventions expanded the amount of farmable land?
B)
which of these is doing science?
d wondering what tomorrows weather will be
e) all of the above
A)
According to guns, germs, & steel domesticated animals must be
D)
According to james burke in the trigger effect our relationship to tech is
D)
where did early tech innovations occur?
D)
According to james burke in death in the morning why were touchstones important
C)
Which of these are true of genetically modified foods?
B)
Are all scientific studies equaL?
no
do scientists put out all the info on their individual study before its done?
NAH, until everything is good
there is no funding for recreating facts/theories
DO researches over simply their work sometimes
yes
whats A cultivator
stirs soil.
disturb weeds
whats a thresher
machine that separates grain from the plants by beating.
what are the characteristics of a domestic animal (5)
can make babies young as possible
not scared
likes humans and animals
multiple uses
large
1. The printing press, 1430s
The turning point at which “knowledge began freely replicating and quickly assumed a life of its own.”
2. Electricity, late 19th century
And then there was light
3. Penicillin, 1928
After World War II, when they became the silver bullet for many formerly deadly diseases
4. Semiconductor electronics, mid-20th century
The physical foundation of the virtual world
5. Optical lenses, 13th century
Eyeglasses dramatically raised the collective human IQ
Eventually led to the creation of the microscope and the telescope
6. Paper, second century
7. The internal combustion engine, late 19th century
Turned air and fuel into power, eventually replacing the steam engine
8. Vaccination, 1796
9. The Internet, 1960s
10. The steam engine, 1712
Powered the factories, trains, and ships that drove the Industrial Revolution
11. Nitrogen fixation, 1918
Used to create a new class of fertilizers central to the green revolution
12. Sanitation systems, mid-19th century
A major reason we live 40 years longer than we did in 1880
13. Refrigeration, 1850s
Change the way we eat—and live—
14. Gunpowder, 10th century
Outsourced killing to a machine
15. The airplane, 1903
Transformed travel, warfare, and our view of the world
16. The personal computer, 1970s
Augmented human capabilities
17. The compass, 12th century
Oriented us, even at sea
18. The automobile, late 19th century
Transformed daily life, our culture, and our landscape
19. Industrial steelmaking, 1850s
Became the basis of modern industry.
20. The pill, 1960
Launched a social revolution
21. Nuclear fission, 1939
Gave humans new power for destruction, and creation
22. The green revolution, mid-20th century
Hugely increased the world’s food output, saving more than 1 billion people from starvation
23. The sextant, 1757
It made maps out of stars
24. The telephone, 1876
Allowed our voices to travel
25. Alphabetization, first millennium b.c.
Made knowledge accessible and searchable
Rise of societies that used phonetic letters over those that used ideographic ones
farm tools
Thresher (1786)
Separate grain & straw
Cotton Gin (1793)
Price of cloth plummeted
Plantation culture established
Slave labor entrenched
Reaper/Binder (1830-1881)
Harvested grain
Tied into sheaths with twine
Portable steam power (1849)
Combine harvester/ thresher (1886)
Gasoline Tractor (1892)