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Proximity
We perceive similar objects as groups or sets
We fill in the gaps for missing parts
Closure
We see the simplest shapes possible
Simplicity
We see similar objects as groups
Similarity
We see continuous patterns
Continuity
The ability to discriminate between a figure and it's background
Figure-Ground perception
Filling in gaps and what her senses tells us
Perceptual inference
This is like assuming
Ability to know to stimuli that affect only the unconscious mind
Subliminal perception
Objects appear farther away from another object and are higher on your plane of view
Relative height
Overlapping images
Interposition
The farther removed and object is the less detail we can identify
Texture-Density Gradient
A parent movement of objects that occurs when you move your head from side to side or when you walk around
Motion parallax
Parallel lines converge when stretched into the distance
Linear perspective
When objects move in the opposite direction to your movement
Relative motion
Eyes turning inward to look at nearby objects
Convergence
Making one image with both eyes
Retinal disparity
Perceiving items the same way regardless of change and angle distance or lighting(shape brightness color)
Constancy
Perception that misrepresents physical stimuli
Illusions
Ability to gain information through channels other than the normal senses
Extrasensory perception
Clairvoyance-performing objects or information with no sensory input
Telepathy-reading ones mind or transferring thoughts
Psychokinesis-moving objects with one's mind
Precognition-fortell events
A relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience
Learning
Gradual classically conditioned response
Acquisition
Responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli
Generalization
Responding different to similar but distinct stimuli
Discrimination
Gradual disappearance of a conditioned response
Extinction
Reappearing of a conditioned response after a delay
Spontaneous recovery
Pairing a new taste with a bad experience
Taste aversion
A child who says "Daddy" to only his father is an example of
Discrimination
Objects to satisfy a reduced basic needs are called
Primary reinforcers
Molding or sculpting new responses out of old one
Shaping
Learned reactions that follow one another in sequence
Response chain
Praising a child for gradually improving attempts to tie a shoe is an example of
Shaping a behavior
Influencing behavior by means of unpleasant stimuli
Aversive control
Removing a painful or unpleasant stimulus which increases behavior
Negative reinforcement
Removing or terminating an unpleasant stimulus
Escape conditioning
A way to prevent the occurrence of an unpleasant stimulus
Avoidance conditioning
Observing and imitating the behavior of others
Social learning
Using mental processes from observation or imitation
Cognitive learning
Mental pictures of a place(maze)
Cognitive map
A change in behavior that does not occur immediately but gradually
Latent learning
When you failed repeatedly as you attempt to control a situation
Learned helplessness
Imitating or copying
Modeling
Learning based on imitation
Observational learning
Engaging in threatening activity without being punished which makes it easier to engage in
Dishibition
Systematic application of learning principles to change peoples actions and feelings
Behavior modification
A student who complains of a stomachache to get a pass to the nurse to miss a quiz is using
Escape conditioning
This focuses on how information is obtained processed and organized
Cognitive learning
Learning that occurs in the absence of a reinforcer and often is not demonstrated until a reinforcer appears
Latent learning
The type of modeling in which someone learns that her behavior is not as threatening as he thought by watching others engage in the behavior
Dishibition
A type of conditioning system often used in group situations with problem children
Token economy
What code is not used to encode memory
Sensory codes
Memory that holds auditory memory for one or two seconds
Echoic
We choose to give importance to the stimuli that
Satisfy our basic needs
short-term memory lasts roughly
18-20 seconds 
What is associated with short term memory
Chunking
Memory about a specific event
Episodic
What is associated with long term memory
Elaborative rehearsal
The part of the brain most associated with long term memory
Hippocampus
The part of the brain most associated with state dependent memory
Amygdala
Active reconstruction of information
Recall
Blocking an embarrassing or frightening experience from your memory is called
Repression
Fading away of a memory over time
Decay
Likelihood of remembering the first item on the list
Primacy effect
Old memories block the formation of new memories
Proactive interference
Repetition of information to keep it in short term memory
Maintenance rehearsal
Very powerful and detailed type of episodic memory
Flashbulb memory
New memories blocked the recall of old memories
retroactive interference
Likelihood of remembering the last items in a list
Recency effect
Linking new information to material already known
Elaborative rehearsal
A tool or technique used to help memorize the retrieve information
Mnemonic device
Knowledge of language including rules words and meanings
Semantic memory
Memory loss from head injury or brain damage
Amnesia
Filling in memory gaps
Confabulation
Conceptual frameworks that make sense of the world
Schemas
Alteration of recalled memory that may be simplified enriched or distorted depending on experiences attitudes or inferences
Reconstructive process
Memory retrieval where a person identifies an object idea or situation one has not experienced
Recognition
Recalling information easily when you are in the same physiologically or emotionally state where you started
State-dependent learning
Knowledge that can be called forth constantly
Generic(Declarative) memory
Permanent storage of learned skills(skill)
Procedural memory
Storage of information over an extended period of time
Long-term memory
Memory limited incapacity to above 7 items
Short-term memory
System of repeating information(reading out loud)
Maintenance rehearsal
Grouping items to make them easier to remember
Chunking
Transforming information so the nervous system can process it
Encoding
Process by which information is maintained
Storage
Process of obtaining information that has been stored in memory
Retrieval
The storage and retrieval of what has been learned or experienced
Memory
Internal stayed that activates behavior and directs it toward a goal
Motivation
Biological and social motives for human behavior
Sleep hunger sex
Approval fear of success fear of failure
Produces hunger signals
Lateral hypothalamus
Causes one to stop eating
Ventromedial hypothalamus
Biological and social factors that play in hunger and obesity
Social cues not physiological cues
Complex reaction to stimuli involving subjective feelings physiological arousal and observable behavior
Emotion
Ability to perceive imagine understand emotions and to use that information in decision making
Emotional intelligence
Theory-interpretation of physiological change
James-Lange
Theory-hypothalamus activated by signaling parts of brain
Cannon-Bard
Theory-environment plays a role in emotion
Cognitive theory
Theory-physiological arousal and environment cues interpret emotion
Schachter-Singer
Thelry-when stimulus is removed you feel opposite emotion
Opponent process
Which psychologists first proposed that humans have innate instincts
William James
Theory labels rather than explains behavior
Instinct theory
Save the biological needs Drive in organism to act a certain way
Drive-reduction theory
Three parts of every emotion
Physiological behavioral cognitive
The innate tendency that determines behavior
Instinct
A biological or psychological requirement of an organism
Need
The state of tension produced by I need that motivates an organism toward a goal
Drive
A big generalized apprehension or feeling that one is in danger
Anxiety
Intense fear
Phobia
Extreme anxiety
Panic disorder
Repeated uncontrollable patterns of thoughts
OCD
Flashbacks of traumatic events
PTSD
A disorder with no apparent cause
Somatoform disorder
Changing emotional difficulty into a loss of specific body function
Conversion disorder
Alterations in memory identity or consciousness
Dissociative disorder
Inability to recall personal events or information
Dissociative Amnesia
Travels and is unable to recall the where they are
Dissociative fugue
Two or more personalities each has own way of thinking and behaving
Dissociative identity disorder
Severe lowered mood with no interest and suicide thoughts with extreme depression
Major depressive disorder
Euphoria and depression with manic and depressive phase
Bipolar disorder
Depression in the winter and lifted spirits in the spring
Seasonal affective disorder
Group of disorders categorized by confused and disconnected thoughts emotions and perceptions
Schizophrenia
Hallucinations
Delusions
Grandeur and Persecution
Paranoid schizophrenia
False beliefs
Delusions
Perceptions with no direct external cause
Hallucinations
Motionless
Waxy flexibility
Catatonic schizophrenia
Incoherent language
Inappropriate emotions
Giggling for no reason
Disorganized motor behavior
Disorganized schizophrenia
Symptoms are completely gone or still exist but not severe enough to be diagnosed as it
Remission schizophrenia
How does dopamine affect schizophrenia
The excess of dopamine causes extreme happiness and schizophrenia
Maladaptive or inflexible ways of dealing with environment
Personality disorders
Seeks attention
Histrionic
Obsessed with oneself
Narcissistic
Characterized by continuous fear of unknown or unseen circumstances
Anxiety disorders
Author
gigi902101
ID
323789
Card Set
Physch Final
Description
Psychology
Updated
2016-09-28T04:01:10Z
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