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Melatonin funciton and location
- Pineal Gland
- its function is to regulate Circadian Rythm (sleep)
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Antidiuretic Hormone ADH location and function
- Located in Posterior Pituitary Gland
- Function is to enhance water re-absorption for kidney to maintain stable blood pressure
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Oxytocin function and location
- Located in Posterior Pituitary
- Its function is milk ejection
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T4 Thyroxine location and function
- located in Thyroid Gland
- Function is to regulate metabolism
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T3 Triiodothyronine location and function
- located in Thyroid gland
- its function is to regulate metabolism
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Calcitonin location and function
- Located in Thyroid gland
- its function is to reduce blood calcium levels
- enhance calcium deposition in bones and decrease calcium re-absorption in kidney
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Parathyroid hormone PTH
- Located in Parathyroid gland
- Increase Blood calcium level
- increase bone breakdown
- decrease calcium excretion from kidney
- increase abosrption by enhancing Vitamin D3 synthesis
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Aldosterone (Mineralocorticoids) location and function
- Located in Adrenal Glands
- ↑Blood pressure by ↑ Na+ reabsorption in kidney ↓ K+ levels
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Cortisol (Glucocorticoids)/stress hormone location and function
- located in Adrenal Glands
- regulates the bodies response to stress
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Sex hormone (androgens) location and function
- located in Adrenal glands
- regulates reproductive functions
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Epinephrine (adrenaline, peptide) location and function
- Located in Inner layer of Medulla
- Fight or flight response
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Difference between Primary and Secondary endocrine systems
- Primary endocrine organ:Primary job is to secret hormone–e.g Hypothalamus, pituitary glands, parathyroid glands
- Secondary Endocrine organ:Secreting hormone is not its major function–e.g Heart, Stomach, Liver
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Describe Anterior Pituitary gland
- produces own hormone
- thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
- Adrenocorticotrophic hormone ACTH
- NO neural connection w/ hypothalamus
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Describe Posterior Pituitary gland
- Hormone storage only
- Neural connention w/ hypothalamus
- Antidiuretic hormone ADH
- oxytocin
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What are the 3 hormones secreted by Thyroid gland?
- T3 triiodothyronine
- T4 Thyroxine
- Cacitonin
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What are the 3 hormones secreted by the Adrenal Glands?
- Aldesterone
- Cortisol
- Sex hormone
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Pancreas secretes
Endocrine and Exocrine
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Define Exocrine
Enzymes and secretion for digestion
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Define Endocrine
- Hormone secretion
- α cell: Glucagon ↑ blood glucose
- β cell: Insulin ↓ blood glucose
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What is Hyposecretion?
- Too little secretion of hormones
- ex: type 1 diabetes
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What is Hypersecretion?
- Too much secretion of hormone
- ex: too much hormone gigantism acromegaly
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How does the body regulate blood glucose level?
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What is Abnormal tissue responsiveness?
- Normal hormone levels
- Tissue responds inappropriately
- E.g Type 2 diabetes
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Difference between primary and secondary secretion disorders
- Primary: Abnormality in the endocrine organ that secrets the hormone
- Secondary:Abnormality in hypothalamus or anterior pituitary
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High CRH + High ACTH + High Cortisol =
Secondary Hypersecretion in hypothalamus
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Low CRH + High ACTH + High Cortisol =
Secondary Hypersecretion in Anterior Pituitary
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Low CRH + Low ACTH + High Cortisol =
Primary Hypersecretion in Adrenal cortex
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High CRH + High ACTH + Low Cortisol =
Primary Hyposecretion in Adrenal Cortex
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What are 3 ways of hormone interaction?
- Antagonism: (Antagonistic) Hormones oppose each other-Glucagon: ↑ Blood Glucose -Insulin: ↓Blood Glucose
- Synergism: (Synergistic) Net effect exceeds the sum of individual effects (1+1 = 5)
- Permissiveness: (Permissive) Presence of one hormone is needed for another hormone to exert its actions
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