Artifacts

light & dark bands at water/fat interphase d/t difference in Lamour Freq - usually in frequency encoding direction

Image distortion caused by gradient nonlinearities (the peripheral FOV has a tendency of lower field strength, esp with bigger FOV) causing compression of the anatomy

a bright spot in the center of the image for imbalanced amplifiers (from RF quadrature coils - coils that simultaneously measured the signal from orthogonal views, have 2 separate amplifiers and gain controls to compensate for signal dropoff.)

caused by braodband RF noise disrupt the image over a much larger area than zipper artifact. Reduce w proper site planning and FT shielding (i.e. a Faraday cage)

near sharp boundaries/ high contrast transitions, appear as multiple regularly spaced parallel bands; more conspicuous with low frequency.

• mismapping of anatomy lies outside of the FOV of a gradient (with sampling rate less than twice the maximal frequency in the object) => high freq assigned to a lower frequency value.
• Reduce in freq encode direction: low pass filter
• Reduce in phase encode direction: increase number of phase encode steps.

heterogeneous signal in a voxel => loss of detail and spatial resolution.

low intensity "ghosts" in the phase encoding direction d/t motion.

faint images of bright structures outside of the slice.