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cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information-processing tasks
neurons
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the part of a neuron that coordinate information-processing tasks and keep the cell alive
cell body (soma)
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the part of the neuron that receives information from other neurons and relays it to the cell body
dendrites
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the part of a neuron that carries information to other neurons, muscles, or glands
axon
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the junction or region between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another
synapse
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An insulating layer of fatty material
myelin sheath
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support cells found in the nervous system
glial system
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neurons that receive information from the external would and convey this information to the brain via the spinal cord
sensory neurons
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neurons that carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement
motor neurons
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Neurons that connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons
interneurons
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an electric signal that is conducted along a neuron's axon to a synapse
action potential
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knoblike structures that branch out from an axon
terminal buttons
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chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to a receiving neuron's dendrites
neurotransmitters
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parts of the cell membrane that receive the neurotransmitter and initiate or prevent a new electric signal
receptors
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drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter
agonists
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drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter
antagonists
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an interacting network of neurons that conveys electrochemical infomation throughout the body
nervous system
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the part of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system
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the part of the nervous system that connects the central nervous system to the body's organs and muscles
peripheral nervous system
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a set of nerves that conveys information between voluntary muscles and the central nervous system
somatic nervous system
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a set of nerves that carries involuntary and automatic commands that control blood vessels, body organs and glands
autonomic nervous system
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a set of nerves that prepares the body for action in challenging or threatening situtations
sympathetic nervous system
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a set of nerves that helps the body return to a normal resting state
parasympathetic nervous system
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simple pathways in the nervous system that rapidly generate muscle contractions
spinal reflexes
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an area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord
hindbrain
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a extension of the spinal cord into the skull that coordinates heart rate, circulation, and respiration
medulla
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a brain structure that regulates sleep, wakefulness, and levels of arousal
reticular formation
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a larges structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills
cerebellum
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a brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain, involved in life support
pons
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parts of the hindbrain
medulla cerebellum, and reticular formation
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parts of the midbrain
tectum and tegentum
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a subcortical structure that regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior
hypothalums
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body's hormone producing system
pituitary gland
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a structure for creating new memories and integrating them into a network of knowledge so that they can be stored indefinitely in other parts of the cerebral cortex
hippocampus
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a part of the limbic system plays a role in emotional processes, and memory
amygdala
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a set of subcortical structures that directs intentional movement
basal ganglia
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region of cerebral cortex used for processing information about touch
parietal lobe
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part of cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language
temporal lobe
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region of the cerebral cortex that specializes in movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement
frontal lobe
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NT involved w/ memory, attention, muscles
Acetylcholine
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NT involved with arousal, mood disorders
Norepenepherine
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NT involved with reward or pleasure, walking back and forth
Dopamine
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NT involved with dreaming, appetite, mood disorder, sleep
Serotonin
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NT inhibitory, decrease activity in parts of the brain
GABA
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NT involved with controlling pain, blocks sensation of pain
endorphins
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IMagaing techniques
cat and MRI(structural) EEG, PET(radioactive), fMRI
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alerts higher brain structures that there's incoming stimuli/ informatuon
RAS-Reticular activating system
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more highly developed organisms have folds in the brain
neocortex
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