-
gabapentin
- anticonvulsant
- calcium channel blocker
- most effective for C fiber mediated pain
- also helpful for central sensitization
- adverse effects: dose dependent dizziness, ataxia, sedation, cognitive/memory deficits, peripheral edema
- precautions: pregnancy, CHF, volume overloaded patients
-
pregabalin
- anticonvulsant
- calcium channel blocker
- most effective for C fiber mediated pain
- also helpful for central sensitization
- adverse effects: dose dependent dizziness, ataxia, sedation, cognitive/memory deficits, peripheral edema
- precautions: pregnancy, CHF, volume overloaded patients
-
carbamazepine
- anticonvulsant
- sodium channel blocker
- most effective for A delta fiber pain
- adverse effects: dose dependent dizziness, ataxia, sedation, cognitive/memory deficits, electrolyte abnormalities, liver toxicity, blood dyscrasias, rash, blurred / double vision
- precautions: elderly, liver dz or bone marrow dz
-
lamotrigine
- anticonvulsant
- sodium channel blocker
- most effective for A delta fiber pain
- adverse effects: dose dependent dizziness, ataxia, sedation, cognitive/memory deficits, electrolyte abnormalities, liver toxicity, blood dyscrasias, rash, blurred / double vision
- precautions: elderly, liver dz or bone marrow dz
-
duloxetine
- antidepressant
- SNRI
- enhance the dampening effect of the inhibitory descending pathway
-
milnacipran
- antidepressant
- SNRI
- enhance the dampening effect of the inhibitory descending pathway
-
sumatriptan
- triptans
- agonist for 5-HT1B (blood vessel) and 5-HT1D (perivascular trigeminal nerve terminals) receptors
- adverse effects: serotonin syndrome, chest pain/pressure, dizziness or vertigo, tingling, nausea, increase blood pressure
-
zolmitriptan
- triptans
- agonist for 5-HT1B (blood vessel) and 5-HT1D (perivascular trigeminal nerve terminals) receptors
- adverse effects: serotonin syndrome, chest pain/pressure, dizziness or vertigo, tingling, nausea, increase blood pressure
-
baclofen
- spasmolytics
- GABA-B receptor agonist, causes hyperpolarization of motor neurons
-
tizanidine
- spasmolytics
- centrally acting α2 agonist inhibits activation of motor neurons
-
diazepam
- spasmolytic agent
- BZD/GABA-A receptor agonist, increases pre-synaptic inhibitory activity of GABA
-
Dantrolene
- spasmolytic agent
- prevents CA release from SR when muscle contracts
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